<p>The Connors House  is a historic house at 277 State Street in Bangor, Maine. Built about 1866-67, it is a fine example of the "Bangor style" of Second Empire architecture, notable as the last known work of architect Benjamin S. Deane, and as the home of Edward Connors, operator of Bangors log boom and the citys wealthiest Irish-American. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 6, 1983; it now houses professional offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house is located east of Bangor&#39;s central business district at the southwest corner of State Street (United States Route 2) and Birch Street. It is a rambling three-story wood frame structure, with a mansard roof that has a flared eave, and matchboard siding treated to resemble stone. At the center of the north-facing front is a broad bellcast dormer, emulating the curve of the mansard roof flare. The eaves are bracketed and dentillated, and windows are topped by bracketed cornices. The front entrance is sheltered by an elaborately decorated porch.</p><br>
<p>It was built about 1866-67 for Edward Connors, an Irishman who apparently inherited a fortune through his wife, and was the owner and operator of Bangors log boom, a critical element of the towns booming lumber-based economy of the time. The house was designed by local architect Benjamin S. Deane, and is his last known work. The house is stylistically of a type known as the "Bangor style", and is the only one of the type in the city whose architect is known. The house served for many years as Bangor&#39;s Home for Aged Women, resulting in a number of additions, generally sympathetic in style to the original house. The house now houses professional offices.</p><br>
<p>Park Farm is a historic farm property at 26 Woodchuck Hill Road in Grafton, Vermont. With a farmhouse dating to about 1820, and most of its outbuildings to the 19th century, the farm remains an excellent example of a typical 19th-century Vermont farmstead. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Park Farm is located northwest of Grafton Village, on 65 acre of land on either side of Middletown Road. The farmstead is located at the corner of Woodchuck Hill Road and Middletown Road, not far from the early town center of Grafton, and is part of the Middletown Rural Historic District. It is set amid open fields and an old apple orchard. The main farmhouse is a 1½ story wood frame Cape, built about 1820, to which a number of additions have been made. Outbuildings on the farmstead lie on both sides of Middletown Road, and include a chicken house, several barns, a sheep shed, and an equipment shed. One of the oldest elements of the farm is a c. 1790 spring-fed well, which was probably originally associated with a neighboring property.</p><br>
<p>The farm is notable for its long association with the local Park family, which acquired the farm in 1842, and has held it for eleven generations, excepting only a brief period outside the family in the 20th century. The farm exhibits a basic pattern of land use and buildings that are typical of the 19th century, when virtually all of its structures were built. The extended Park family historically owned significant amounts of land in the community, and this is the only farm that is still in the hands of its descendants. The farm has fluctuated in size, reaching a maximum size of about 200 acre.</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton Post Office is a heritage-listed former post office at 80 East Street, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by George Connolly and built from 1892 to 1896 by Dennis Kelleher. It is also known as Rockhampton Post and Telegraph Offices. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 January 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This grand two-storeyed brick post office with sandstone facing was erected in 1892 for the Queensland Post and Telegraph Department. It was designed in the office of Queensland Colonial Architect George Connolly, and was built by Dennis Kellaher for £14 368. Situated at the corner of Denham and East Streets, it was the sixth post office to be established in Rockhampton after a succession of temporary and superseded post offices.</p><br>
<p>An unofficial post office was established at Rockhampton in 1858 at a store in Little Quay Street and in 1861 was relocated to a chemist shop. In December 1862, Postmaster General Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior recommended the establishment of an official post office in Rockhampton. By 1863 the first official Postmaster had been appointed and a temporary wooden post office building was constructed on the present post office site between 1863 and 1865.</p><br>
<p>During this period Rockhampton&#39;s postal services had expanded greatly. In 1865 Rockhampton was linked with Brisbane, via the inland route, through Taroom, Hawkwood, Dalby, Toowoomba and Ipswich and by the mid-1860s most outposts in Central Queensland were in touch with Rockhampton through fortnightly or weekly mail services. On 20 November 1864 a telegraph line was opened between Rockhampton and Gladstone and the first telegraph office was opened in a chemist shop.</p><br>
<p>The makeshift wooden post office was replaced in 1866 by an ornate two-storeyed brick building with decorative wooden verandahs. This building was designed by Colonial Architect Charles Tiffin but was originally planned for Maryborough. Due to the cost of materials exceeding the budget for the post office originally planned for Rockhampton, the plans for the post offices were swapped. The two buildings were designed concurrently by Tiffin.</p><br>
<p>In 1876, the Rockhampton Post Office had processed more than a quarter of a million ordinary letters and fifteen thousand registered letters as well as providing money order and savings bank services.</p><br>
<p>From 1879, postal and telegraph services were amalgamated under the Queensland Post and Telegraph Department, but the two services continued to operate separately in Rockhampton, with both a Post and Telegraph Master. In 1883 a new telegraph office was erected next to the old post office. At this time Rockhampton was the main telegraph traffic centre for central and north Queensland and was the largest telegraph office outside Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>In 1881 telephones were introduced to Rockhampton with the first telephone exchange opening in April 1884 in a low, wooden building behind the telegraph office and next to the old post office facing East Street. By 1886 the old post office of twenty years and the 1883 telegraph office were too small and the Colonial Architect was requested to plan a new building. With the construction of the 1892 Post and Telegraph Office the three buildings which housed Rockhampton&#39;s communication network were demolished and a temporary post office was established in the old Court House while construction was taking place.</p><br>
<p>The present post office was constructed of brick with a facade of sandstone from the nearby Stanwell Quarries. It was constructed by Dennis Kellaher when his tender for £14,368 was accepted as the lowest. Kellaher was also contracted to install the first floor accommodation for the Post and Telegraph Masters for £3579.</p><br>
<p>The original design of the Post and Telegraph Office was reflective of the separate services of the two departments. The Postal section was located on the corner of Denham and East streets and the Telegraph section was located at the northern end of the building facing East Street. The two were separated by a carriage-way and a clock tower which was installed in September 1894 by the Government Clockmaker. (The clock was made by Gillet and Johnston of Croydon, England, and cost £325.) The first floor was dedicated entirely to accommodation for the Post and Telegraph Masters, each of their apartments situated above their respective sections on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The front wing of the Post Office section was originally divided into rooms for the savings bank and money order office, delivery room and the private letter box office by partitions of cedar with embossed panels. The delivery room of the new Post Office introduced an innovation in customer service by installing a counter in order to hand correspondence to the public instead of the usual method of serving through a small window.</p><br>
<p>In the three decades leading to the establishment of the 1892 post office, Rockhampton had proved itself a thriving commercial centre due to its position as an official port of entry servicing a vast area of central Queensland. The immense financial boost from the Mount Morgan gold rush in the 1880s further established Rockhampton as a wealthy commercial centre. The grand structure of the Rockhampton Post Office symbolised the prominence of the city during this period and the confidence which was held for its future. Many buildings of similar architectural and aesthetic calibre which were constructed in Rockhampton during this period (e.g. Quay Street) were a manifestation of the city&#39;s economic wealth. With Federation looming, the establishment of the Rockhampton Post Office was held as a great boon to the advancement of the Central Queensland separationist movement which had long supported a political rivalry with the capital of Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton was the communication nexus for the developing areas of central and north Queensland and the continuing use of the Rockhampton Post Office for postal services over the last century clearly demonstrates the development of communication technology in one of the most important postal centres of Queensland. While the grand, stone exterior of the post office has remained largely intact, the interior of the building has been altered a number of times to accommodate the changing needs of the postal and telegraph services.</p><br>
<p>During construction of the post office, parcel post was introduced to Queensland, and one of the first alterations occurred in 1896 to provide more suitable accommodation for the processing of packages. A separate space for parcels was created at the rear of the building with a new public counter accessible through the Denham Street arcade. Another extension was added at this time at the rear of the post office section adjacent to the carriage-way.</p><br>
<p>Following Federation in 1901, the colonial post and telegraph services were handed over to the Commonwealth Government and the Rockhampton Post Office became the Property of the Post Master General&#39;s Department. By 1913, the Telegraph Masters accommodation had been replaced with staff facilities and a telephone switch room which was subsequently expanded in 1921 to cope with the rapidly increasing demand for telephones.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, the present automatic telephone exchange building was opened enabling the telegraph operating room in the Post and Telegraph Office to be moved upstairs while the dispatch office and public counter remained on the ground floor. By 1945 the Post Master&#39;s accommodation on the first floor had been removed for use as offices and the first floor carriage-way had been infilled.</p><br>
<p>In 1945, the first floor telegraph rooms were updated with new telegraph and phonogram accommodation. Rockhampton was one of the seven original telegraph traffic centres to be equipped in 1947 with an Auxiliary radio channel for use during periods of land line failure.</p><br>
<p>In 1963 the ground floor carriage way was infilled and a central staircase inserted. A new main entrance was positioned at the former entrance to the carriage-way, under the clock-tower, and an extension was constructed at the rear of the building joining completely the two separate sections of the building.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Australian Post Master General&#39;s Office became two separate commissions, Australia Post and Telecom, with telegraphic communications no longer a constituent of the Post Office. The interior of the Post Office was refurbished in 1980 with the exterior maintaining its grand colonnaded facade. In the 1988 the French doors and sash windows which originally opened onto the arcade at the southern end of the building were removed to create arched openings to access a concertina arrangement of private mailboxes. The Rockhampton Post Office ceased functioning as the main post office in Rockhampton in May 1997.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the building has a number of commercial tenants including a restaurant and cafe.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Post Office, a two-storeyed rendered masonry structure with an arcaded sandstone facade and corrugated iron hipped roof, is located on the western corner of East and Denham Streets, fronting the East Street mall to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>The Post Office was originally constructed as separate postal and telegraph buildings linked together by means of a clock tower and an arcaded sandstone facade to both street frontages. The two buildings were separated by a laneway, above which the clock tower was located. This laneway has since been enclosed and now forms the central entry to the building.</p><br>
<p>The arcaded sandstone facade is punctuated by projecting balconies which are supported by columns at each corner flanking entrance steps. The balconies are located below the clock tower and centrally along both street frontages. The ground floor arcade comprises arches, with expressed keystones, separated by pilasters and surmounted by a deep entablature with triglyphs. The ground floor arcade has a raised base with a terrazzo floor with non-slip applied finishes. Steps are located below the projecting balconies and at the corner of East and Denham Streets, and the ceiling is finished with fibrous cement sheeting.</p><br>
<p>The first floor arcade comprises columns supporting an entablature with dentils, surmounted by a sandstone parapet balustrade to the roof. The arcade has arched sections with expressed keystones located behind the projecting balconies, flanking the clock tower, and at the end corners of both street elevations. The arched sections flanking the clock tower, and at the southern corner of the Denham Street elevation, are enclosed with large arched sash windows. The arcade has cast iron balustrade panels, with a sandstone hand rail, and the projecting balconies have a sandstone balustrade with corner pillars. The balconies are also framed by columns supporting a pediment crowned by a sandstone ornament. The arcade has a boarded ceiling, and a stair is located at the southern corner of the Denham Street elevation.</p><br>
<p>The base of the clock tower has a central entrance at the ground level surmounted by sandstone corbelling supporting a projecting balcony above. The entrance is flanked by pilasters, and the balcony is framed by paired columns, flanked by pilasters, supporting a broken pediment with central circular opening crowned by a sandstone ornament. The clock tower has a square plan with corner pilasters supporting a deep entablature with dentils surmounted by a sandstone parapet balustrade to the roof. The tower has a circular clock face with sandstone surrounding moulding to each side. The northeastern clock face has the words ANNO 1890 DOMINI (literally translated as in the year of our Lord 1890) in relief above, and TEMPVS FVGIT CITO PEDE (literally translated as Time flies on winged feet) in relief below. The tower is crowned by a cast iron cupola, which consists of a central dome, surmounted by a spire, with pediments supported by columns to four sides.</p><br>
<p>The northern end of the building has rendered coursing to the corners, rendered parapet details, and expressed coursing at the first floor sill height. The first floor has tall sash windows and the ground floor has arched sash windows, all with window hoods comprising metal brackets with timber battens and corrugated iron awnings. A tall masonry wall abuts this elevation, adjoining the adjacent building to the northwest, forming a vehicular entrance to the rear service court. A rear wing consists of the remains of an original rear annex with several additions. The wing has sash windows with window hoods to the early section, with louvred ventilation panels to the rear plant area.</p><br>
<p>The rear of the building has a large single-storeyed addition which infills the original U-shaped rear courtyard. This addition has a shallow pitch roof, masonry walls and metal framed glazing. The first floor has a verandah which is enclosed with mostly glass louvred panels and has an ogee shaped corrugated iron roof.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building has rendered masonry walls, and contains suspended lighting and air-conditioning ductwork. The ground floor central entry, located in the infilled original laneway, has sliding glass doors accessing a central foyer with a metal framed and timber stair. The northern end contains the public counter, and has central timber posts with shaped capitals and boarded timber ceilings. Large sash windows and French doors with arched fanlights open onto the arcade. The southeast end contains mail sorting facilities, with partitioned office areas including the original strongroom, adjacent to the central entry. This area has boarded timber ceilings, and large openings which access the rear addition. The French doors and sash windows, which originally opened onto the arcade at the southern end of the building, have been removed to create arched openings which access a concertina arrangement of private mail boxes. The rear addition has open mail sorting space with three partitioned offices against the inside rear wall. This area has exposed metal roof trusses and vinyl floor tiles.</p><br>
<p>The first floor has large sash windows, French doors with arched fanlights (located opposite the projecting balconies), and timber panelled doors with fanlights opening onto the arcade. The southeast end has boarded timber ceilings, open office space with two partitioned rooms, and central timber posts with shaped capitals. The southwest end also has central timber posts with shaped capitals and boarded timber ceilings, and contains a lunch and amenities area with a central partitioned structure containing kitchen facilities, store and locker room. The southwest end contains toilet facilities, remnants of an original kitchen fireplace, and a metal framed and timber stair is located adjacent at the southwest end of the arcade.</p><br>
<p>The central section of the first floor has a fibrous cement panelled ceiling with a partitioned office which fronts the arcade with a large sash window in a rendered masonry wall. This section of the arcade originally overlooked the laneway, and retains the original sandstone balustrade and paired columns which are now positioned in front of the infill wall. This section of the arcade also originally contained two stairs, either side of the laneway, and evidence of this area survives including sections of rendered masonry walls with door openings. A metal ladder also accesses the clock tower above. The central metal framed and timber stair is located behind the partitioned office and accesses the roof space above.</p><br>
<p>The northern end has timber and fibrous cement partitions which divided the space into various sized offices. The ceilings have fibrous cement sheeting, and the northwestern rear wing contains service rooms. The rear verandah has a concrete stair with metal handrail at the northwestern end, and timber lattice screen with gate at the southern end.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Rockhampton Post Office was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 January 2003 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Post Office, erected in 1892, is important because it reflects the rise of Rockhampton as the major commercial centre of central Queensland during the late nineteenth century. In the 1880s, Rockhampton benefited economically from the mining of gold at Mount Morgan. The immense wealth generated from the gold mines created a period of buoyancy in Rockhampton which produced many prestigious buildings of which the Rockhampton Post Office is an outstanding example. The Post Office building was a symbol of confidence for the future of Rockhampton and was held as a great boon for the separation movement which saw Rockhampton as the future capital of a separate state.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Post Office is a prime example of a grand Queensland Post Office with a sandstone facade. The building is important in demonstrating the planning of a nineteenth century Post Office, and of the four stone-faced post offices in Queensland (i.e. Brisbane General Post Office, Warwick Post Office, Toowoomba Post Office and Rockhampton&#39;s) the Rockhampton Post Office is the most outstanding example of this type of structure.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Post Office is significant architecturally as an example of Victorian Classical architecture of the late nineteenth century. The building is of considerable aesthetic significance, and its form and fabric exhibit a skilled design approach. The Post Office, through its scale, detailing and prominent clock tower, is recognised as a local landmark and makes an important contribution to the Rockhampton streetscape and townscape. The building is an important component of the civic centre of Rockhampton, and the detailing of its materials and finishes demonstrate a fine quality of workmanship.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Post Office holds a special association for the people of Rockhampton. Its landmark position and its role as a meeting place for the local community has established the post office building as a symbol of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Post Office has a special association with the post and telegraph services in Queensland which spans over 100 years. It illustrates the changing functions of a major post office from the late nineteenth century to the present. The building is also an important example of the work of the office of Colonial Architect George Connolly from 1885-1891.</p><br>
<p>Schotia Place is a heritage-listed former market and now community centre at 201 Bolsover Street, Rockhampton City,Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Eaton & Bates and built in 1898. It is also known as former Rockhampton City Markets and Rockhampton Senior Citizens Centre. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Schotia Place is a brick retail market building designed by architects Eaton and Bates for the Rockhampton Municipal Council. The building, which features twin cupolas and a barrel-vaulted roof, was opened on 18 April 1899.</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton was established on the Fitzroy River on land originally part of Gracemere, a pastoral property operated by the Archer family. Proclamation as a town occurred on 25 October 1858. The first sale of allotments was conducted the following month. A six-man council was elected in 1861, subsequent to the formation of the Municipality of Rockhampton on 15 December 1860.</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton&#39;s citizens first petitioned their Council for the establishment of a market in 1870. Land bounded by East, Bolsover and William Streets was designated a Market Reserve the following year. As the Council then lacked the funds to erect a suitable building, sections were leased for a period of fifteen years. Conditions applied to the type of construction allowed. In this manner it was envisaged that suitable buildings would be erected, while a fund for further development accrued.</p><br>
<p>The idea of a market for the sale of perishable goods was linked to the medieval concept of a designated day for buying and selling goods that were local in range and narrow in provenance. As open space areas with a free movement of people they became the centre of the community&#39;s commercial and social life. In England this form of market gradually was superseded by regional markets, where wholesale as well as retail trading was conducted. As transport and communication improved, metropolitan markets then developed. They featured the regular, contracted consignment of produce and wares to metropolitan factors or merchants. The Industrial Revolution introduced changes in marketing which led to the decline of the traditional, open market place.</p><br>
<p>Markets which served a public function were usually administered by trusts or corporations linked to local government. Although a temporary private market was established in the Queens Wharf area of Brisbane around 1851, the citys first market trust operated from premises in Eagle Street between 1867 and 1881. Due to the inadequacies of the site it was not a great success. A new Brisbane market, more wholesale in style than retail, was completed in upper Roma Street in December 1884 and operated there until August 1964 when new premises were opened at Rocklea.</p><br>
<p>Markets also were established in other Australian capital cities and regional towns. As early as 1803, Sydney residents could purchase their supplies at a Saturday produce market in the vicinity of Circular Quay. Grocers nearby soon began to offer market foodstuffs for sale every day. After 1841 a market commission was established in Melbourne and premises sought. In general these markets, and the shops which clustered around their perimeter, provided everyday necessities for ordinary people. Melbourne&#39;s Queen Victoria Market, featuring single-storey buildings and open sheds, was established in 1878. A rebuilt "Eastern" market, which included a large hall, opened in Melbourne soon after. The Argus of 23 December 1879 reported that this building "provided ample accommodation for the requirements of every class of trade usually conducted in a market of this character".</p><br>
<p>Some large cities in the USA referred to the places where farmers&#39; produce could be sold as Eastern markets. The Eastern Market in Detroit commenced in the 1850s as an open-air site. Its first sheds were constructed in 1891. The usefulness of the Eastern Market in Washington DC centred on its open-plan brick building, erected. Until this latter market was rented out for the sale of other commodities, farmers sold their produce on stands inside the hall, spilling outside and on to the street.</p><br>
<p>From its proclamation as a Municipality in 1860, the Rockhampton district was well catered for by the commercial agents and merchants of Quay and East Streets. The larger mercantile companies were "universal providers". Their warehouses and shops stocked dry goods, wine and spirits and stock and station supplies including fencing and saddlery. The city&#39;s grocers, who in the 1890s numbered nearly forty, sold flour, teas and sugars in smaller quantities.</p><br>
<p>Twenty years after the initial request for a public market in Rockhampton, no proper structure had been built. In March 1891 the Rockhampton General Advertiser called for the expenditure of not less than £5,000 for markets which would suit the city&#39;s wholesale and retail requirements, noting in the same article the considerable amount of money which already had been collected through the lease of Market Reserve land. A new petition was presented to Council. Until matters were resolved, farmers sold their produce from a temporary facility, an old stable in Bolsover Street.</p><br>
<p>The firm of Eaton and Bates commenced design work for the new City Markets in 1896. This architectural partnership had set up practice in Rockhampton two years previously. George T Eaton and Albert E Bates, later with Arthur B Polin, established branch offices in six regional Queensland towns before moving their main office to Brisbane in 1902. Amongst their buildings in the Rockhampton area are the Lakes Creek Hoteland the Killowen residence.</p><br>
<p>At the request, and in the presence of the Governor of Queensland, Baron Lamington, Mayor Hugh Fiddes opened the new Rockhampton City Markets on 18 April 1899. That day the Governor observed that even Brisbane, then considered Rockhampton&#39;s key rival, did not possess a retail market.</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton&#39;s City Markets as a commercial venture did not survive much beyond two decades. Encroachment by other users was gradual. The Naval Brigade Office was located there in 1903, most likely in one of the offices facing Bolsover Street. Three years later stall-holders complained of the building being used by visiting entertainers during carnival week. An office for army recruiting opened in the front section of the building during the First World War. The City Markets also provided refuge for 200 people forced from their homes when early in 1918 the Fitzroy River rose a record 9.72 metres, lapping the walls of city buildings and inundating the river flood plain.</p><br>
<p>The City Markets for local produce ceased around 1920. Their closure was in line with the general decline caused to public markets as retailing modernised and shoppers patronised the new department and cash and carry stores. The short trading life of this market in particular may also have been influenced by the city&#39;s pre-existing, well-established body of merchants, grocers and fruiterers, some with exclusive trade agreements with farmers.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1920s the Electricity Supply Department of the Rockhampton City Council began a long occupation of what was then being referred to as the City Markets Building. Classes from the nearby Rockhampton School of Arts were conducted there in the following decade. By 1940 the red-brick offices and former market were referred to as the City Council Buildings. During the Second World War the covered open space proved useful to the US Army. After the war its occupation by government utilities continued. The building&#39;s survival as a rare example of a public market of the late 19th Century owes much to the adaptability of its internal space.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s the Rockhampton City Council restored the former Rockhampton City Markets as a community centre for senior citizens. As a part of this substantial renovation, the new rear section of the building was added. An undated photograph from the University of Central Queensland&#39;s Capricornia Collection (MB126) reveals that in the past a fan-shaped pattern filled the curved gable on Bolsover Street and the barrel-vaulted roof covered a large area at the rear of the allotment. The large, barrel-vaulted roof was replicated during the renovation, while the pattern on the fan-shaped roof facade was possibly covered over. The Federal Minister for Health, Dr Doug Everingham, opened the community centre, renamed Schotia Place, on 15 November 1974.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the building&#39;s facade was renovated at a cost of $140,000.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Schotia Place allotment is bounded by Bolsover Street, and Market and East Lanes. The building consists of two main parts: a single-storey section addressing Bolsover Street that was built in 1898-99 and a large rear section built in 1974 that has single and double storey components. The front facade of the single-storey building sits opposite Rockhamptons Municipal Library and Theatre (formerly the Rockhampton School of Arts), and the Rockhampton Town Hall. The citys orthogonal grid is aligned to the Fitzroy River (which flows from the north-west to the south-east) and Bolsover Street is one of the main arteries. Schotia Place is on the southern edge of the central business district; the river is two blocks away to the north-east, and the central railway station three blocks to the south-east. The stretch of Bolsover Street in which Schotia Place is situated contains a high concentration of buildings of heritage significance. Apart from the two listed above, there are a further three that are included on Queenslands Heritage Register: the Rockhampton Technical College, St Andrews Presbyterian Church, and the GS Curtis Stores. The Normanby Hotel is also located in this precinct of Bolsover Street, however it is only listed with the Australian Heritage Commission&#39;s Register of the National Estate.</p><br>
<p>Schotia Place, the front section of which was constructed using classical motifs, currently functions as a senior citizens centre. The exterior walls to this section on Bolsover Street are built of reddish, sandstock bricks laid in English bond with white mortar, while the walls to the larger rear section are of dull coloured bricks laid in Stretcher bond. All are modelled to varying degrees with white cement render. The front facade to Bolsover Street is much more densely decorated than the remaining three. A large barrel vaulted roof, which reads on the front facade as a simple curved gable, acts visually as the buildings spine. Three mechanical extract vents puncture its uppermost surface. Skillion roofs fall away from this structure to the three exterior parapet walls. All roofs are clad in corrugated Colorbond steel. Continuous lines of clerestory windows are positioned under each side of the vault, and at a matching level on the gable end facing East Lane and the north-east. The latter are louvred and their facade is also clad in corrugated Colorbond steel.</p><br>
<p>The front facade of Schotia Place is symmetrically arranged. Framing the curved gable (with rendered coping) are twin cupolas on short polygonal bases. The domes on these small towers are clad in faceted sheet metal and topped with globe lights. Each cupola face has a narrow, round-headed window in it. A pattern of horizontal lines is established by the stringcourse running below the dome, the window arches, keystones and imposts, and the sill and plinth mouldings, all of which are rendered. Positioned below the curved gable is the central section of the front facade, which stands slightly proud of the two equally sized facade sections flanking it. The central section is divided into three parts by four sets of twin Tuscan-style pilasters and is topped with entablature and parapet modelling in a similar vein. Above the central timber double door (approximately 2.7m high excluding its fanlight), the parapet line is interrupted by a simple pediment that is supported by pilasters. Each leaf of the double doors has four panels. On either side of the doorway are large, round-headed double-hung sash windows, which have render label moulds and keystones. A barrel-vaulted canopy clad to match the building&#39;s main roof extends over the footpath outside the entry door. This is a later addition, not evident in photographs from the first half of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Single pilasters frame the side sections of the front facade, which each contain two square-headed double-hung sash windows. The facade&#39;s plinth, pilasters, window and door frames, upper cornice-like stringcourse, and its coping are all modelled in white cement render. The lines of the plinth, upper stringcourse and parapet coping are carried through on the short, side facades that belong to this front section of Schotia Place addressing Bolsover Street. Their ends are made with pilasters modelled to match the others on the front facade.</p><br>
<p>The coping line of the parapet walls to the side and rear facades of the extension has been matched to an upper moulding line on the front section of the building. While a rendered plinth line has been created on these facades, its level does not match that of the front section. Its width diminishes over the gentle slope from East Lane to Bolsover Street. Rendered strips mark each line established by the heads and sills of the windows in these facades. The extent of render modelling has been greatly parred down, compared to the building&#39;s front section. Each of the long side facades- one addressing Market Lane and the other a paved and treed avenue- has three gated entry points. The first set is located adjacent to the front section of the building, while the other two sets divide the remaining facade areas evenly. On each facade, these two openings are framed by rendered pilasters and topped by a triangular rise in the parapet. A number of double-hung sash windows are set in the walls between the various entries. On the rear facade, in the northern corner, there is a double door accessed via a short flight of metal stairs and overhung by a small metal shade roof. There are also four louvred windows with high sill levels.</p><br>
<p>Interior The main element of the buildings interior, fitting under the barrel- vaulted roof, is a large hall incorporating a stage at its north-east end. To the side and rear facades, a single layer of small rooms surround this space on the ground floor and fit under the skillion roofs described earlier. This hall and surrounding rooms are part of the 1974 addition to the building. The entryway alcoves expressed on the side facades open directly into the hall. At the south-west end of the hall facing Bolsover St, there is a wide transition space separating the hall and a corridor beyond. This corridor lines up with the openings on the side facades closest to the buildings front section, and separates the hall from the single layer of rooms fronting Bolsover Street. There are three of these disposed to each side of a central entry hall. The six rooms are occupied by a number of small retail outlets, a rest room, an office and a store. The corridor and these six rooms comprise the 1898-99 component of Schotia Place. Above the transition space from the hall and the rooms to each side of it, is a mezzanine level that fits beneath the barrel vault of the roof. This level has floors of polished timber boards and walls of plasterboard, with at least one large opening to the hall.</p><br>
<p>The floors to the hall consist of polished hardwood boards on a timber frame supported by brick or concrete stumps. Rather than matching the curve of the roof, the ceiling in the hall is faceted. It appears to be lined with plasterboard. The roof and ceiling are supported by an enclosed steel truss system. On the three sides of the vault there are long banks of clerestory windows. Beneath those on the side facades a curved lighting baffle has been installed. The lines where the vault and skillion roofs to the side facades meet are supported by single, centrally placed posts. Two square columns support this line at the rear of the hall and frame the stage. The walls of the hall also appear to be lined with plasterboard. The kitchen at the northern corner off the hall was refurbished in 1994 and fitted with new cupboards, stainless steel and laminated bench tops, stainless steel shelves and splashbacks, tile splashbacks and a new vinyl floor.</p><br>
<p>In the front rooms, entry hall and front corridor, the floors are made with timber boards lined with carpet. The interior walls to the front section appear to be plastered, and the ceilings are approximately 3.5m high. In the corridor separating the front and rear parts of the building there are bulkheads over each entry at about 2.7m in height, possibly housing air-conditioning ducts.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Schotia Place was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Schotia Place, erected as a City Market by the Municipality of Rockhampton, is important in demonstrating the evolution of commerce in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The building is a rare example of a market building constructed to provide a dedicated venue for the retail sale of farmers&#39; produce.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The lofty, single-storey space with open plan to allow for stall arrangement, a principal characteristic of public markets of the period, was a feature of its construction.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Schotia Place also is important because of its aesthetic significance. The front part of the building facing Bolsover Street is a well-composed example of "free classicism" in which classical conventions are employed without a concern for academic correctness. This design attitude could be said to reflect the confidence with which Rockhampton&#39;s future was being envisioned. The facade of the front section of the building features a striking contrast between locally made red brick and painted cement render. The framing of the large curved gable by cupolas is also a distinctive design element.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>In both its early and recent history, Schotia Place has a special association with the community of Rockhampton. Built to serve commercial purposes as a public market, the site in the 1970s was renovated to become a community center for senior citizens.</p><br>
<p>The Bridge in Tredyffrin Township was a historic stone arch bridge carrying Gulph Road across Trout Creek in Tredyffrin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, USA. It had one span, a solid, semicircular stone arch 27.8 ft long. There were stone wing walls at each end, with roughly squared stone voussoirs forming the arch ring. The vault of the arch had been sealed with gunite when the bridge was surveyed in 1982, and the parapets had also been topped with concrete. The bridge was built at an unknown date in the late 19th or early 20th century, and was a well-preserved, typical example of stone arch bridge construction in that period.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The bridge was replaced in 2008 with a concrete beam bridge finished with a stone facade to resemble the old structure. It was delisted from the National Register in 2010.</p><br>
<p>St Andrew&#39;s Presbyterian Church is a heritage-listed church at 280 Bolsover Street, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Voller & Graham built from 1893 to 1926. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St Andrew&#39;s Presbyterian Church was erected in 1893-94 for the Presbytery of Rockhampton formed in 1865. Architects were invited to submit plans for the church and the design of Brisbane architects Voller & Graham was chosen. Construction of the building was supervised by prominent Rockhampton architect John William Wilson. The erection of the Church was funded by a donation of £1000 from the Mount Morgan millionaire William Pattison which was accepted by the Presbytery on 7 June 1893. The church exemplifies a stage of prestigious development in Rockhampton which was a reflection of the wealth from the Mount Morgan Mine.</p><br>
<p>Presbyterian worship commenced in Rockhampton shortly after the population explosion caused by the Canoona gold rush of 1858. William John Brown, Sub-collector of Customs, was a member of the Presbyterian Church of Ireland and conducted the first Presbyterian services in Palmers store, Grants timber yard and the local Court House. A building for worship was erected by all denominations for common use on ground which was granted to the Church of England. The building was ultimately left to that denomination.</p><br>
<p>Early in 1861, Rev Samuel Kelly, formerly of the Presbyterian Church of Ireland, was invited to Rockhampton with a view to taking up a ministry. A public meeting was held on 28 May 1861 where a committee was appointed to establish a Presbyterian Church. Samuel Kelly became the first Presbyterian Minister of Rockhampton on 1 June 1861. The committee obtained a grant of 1 acre of land from the government on which a timber church was erected on the site of the present church. In 1864 a manse was erected on the southeast side of the church for Rev Alexander Campbell Smith corresponding with the rapid growth of the congregation.</p><br>
<p>In March 1876 Rev Alexander Hay formerly of South Brisbane entered the Rockhampton Ministry and in 1878 a second Manse was erected. In 1882, to accommodate the increasing congregation the church enlarged the original timber structure with a transept.</p><br>
<p>In 1888 a separate Presbyterian congregation was established in Rockhampton but the original congregation continued to prosper.</p><br>
<p>On 2 October 1890 Hay announced a promise of a donation of £1000 from Mount Morgan Gold Mine shareholder William Pattison MLA, towards the erection of a new church. In 1894 the Parish of St Andrews acquired an additional loan of £800 from the Bank of New South Wales which was granted to the Trustees of St Andrews Presbyterian Church, namely William Burns, William Pattison and Alexander Meikle. The St Andrew&#39;s Presbyterian Act of 1891 had changed the nominated trustees from the original three who had all died. The church remains today as one of only two Presbyterian Churches (the other being the Ann Street Presbyterian Church in Brisbane) that is owned by the trustees of the church and not the Presbyterian Church of Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The foundation stone was laid on 7 June 1893 by Mrs Peter McIntosh the daughter of William J Brown, the founder of Presbyterianism in Rockhampton. At the laying of the foundation stone, William McIlwraith, editor and joint owner of the Rockhampton Morning Bulletin, read a brief history of events in Rockhampton and this was laid with copies of sermons by Dr Hay and his address to the General Assembly in 1891 in a bottle under the foundation stone. The church was opened on 15 April 1894 by Rev Dr McSwaine of St Pauls Church in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally constructed in tuck-pointed face brickwork with either stone or rendered facings. The original design of the church had included a tower facing Bolsover Street but at an additional cost of £560 it was omitted. With the tower, St Andrew&#39;s in Rockhampton would have born marked similarity to the timber St Pauls Presbyterian Church in Mackay designed by Walter Carey Voller in 1898. The two stand as remarkably similar designs attributed to Voller for the Presbyterian Church of Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The interior walls of St Andrews were originally painted a dark "French" grey and the channel arch and window facings were "pure" white and the pews were of Queensland Pine. The church was lit by two "sunlights" and twelve gas brackets. The interior remained incomplete until the pipe organ was installed and officially opened on 29 June 1900. The organ was built by Sydney firm Charles Richardson & Co to the specifications of the St Andrews organist, Frank Kavanagh, and to the design of LS Robertson. In 1897 a bell was donated to the church by John R Palmer of Brisbane, possibly the son of John Palmer first Mayor of Rockhampton. The bell, cast in London, commemorates Queen Victoria&#39;s Diamond Jubilee (1837–97) and sits exposed at the south-west corner of the church.</p><br>
<p>By 1925, it was noted that the church required underpinning due to foundation movement. In 1926, new communion furniture was installed and dedicated in the church. In 1939 the congregation approved a plan to render the exterior of the church, and an appeal was launched in 1940 to pay for it. In 1947 the fixtures and fittings were changed to allow for a new position for the pulpit, communion furniture and choir seats. A choir room was also built at this time. Between 1947 and 1971 the stained glass windows were installed. In 1981 a structural survey of the building was conducted, in response to which a substantial program of works was undertaken in 1984. The church was closed for several months, and these works included laying a concrete apron around the exterior of the building; constructing a new roof and floor; inserting additional tie rods; repainting the exterior, and demolishing the bell tower.</p><br>
<p>A tender of £1,860 by PC Hook for the construction of a concrete building (the adjacent St Andrew&#39;s Hall) was accepted, and the Sunday School was officially opened on 18 July 1936 as part of the 75th celebrations. The old manse, which was located on the site of the new hall, was sold for removal for £210.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Andrew&#39;s Church, located on a level site on the corner of Bolsover and Derby Streets, is a rendered masonry building with a ribbed metal gable roof with gablet ventilators. The building has buttressing, expressed string courses, and the render is scribed to imitate ashlar. The entrance to the church faces Bolsover Street to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>The Bolsover Street elevation has a single-storeyed narthex flanked by projecting gabled entrance vestibules at either end, with the gable end of the nave behind. Each entrance has a pointed arch with expressed drip mould, paired timber panelled doors, and is framed by low engaged columns. Each gable is framed by buttresses crowned by gablets, and the top section of the gable has stone tracery. The northern entrance vestibule has a projecting curved section at the rear. The narthex has two lancets with expressed drip moulds and window surrounds, and is surmounted by a rendered balustrade parapet. The gable end of the nave has an inset central pointed arch with expressed drip mould and triple lancets. The gable is surmounted by triple lancet recesses crowned by a gablet.</p><br>
<p>The side elevations of the church consist of four bays, containing paired lancet windows with expressed drip moulds, separated by buttresses and surmounted by a machicolation motif. Shallow transepts project, with a pointed arch opening with timber doors to the side, and triple lancet windows with expressed drip moulds to the end elevation. The lancets are surmounted by a circular window, and the gable is framed by narrow corbelled buttresses crowned by gablets. The apex of the gable has a narrow lancet recess.</p><br>
<p>The rear of the church has a projecting gabled chancel with a low skillion roofed vestry on the southern side. The chancel has a central lancet window at the rear, and a wider lancet recess to the gable. The vestry has a pointed arch doorway at the rear, and a lancet window with expressed drip mould to the southern side. A concrete apron surrounds the building, and a memorial bell is located on the concrete apron adjacent to the vestry.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the church has rendered walls, arched braced trusses supported by corbels, and raked boarded timber ceilings with roses to the central section. A large pointed arch with expressed extrados and drip mould opens to the chancel, which houses a large ornate pipe organ, in front of which is a raised pulpit. Many of the lancets contain stained glass or leadlight panels. The entrance vestibules and narthex have encaustic tiled floors, and three pointed arches separate the narthex and the nave. These arches have timber screens, with the side arches containing doors. A partitioned "crying room" has been constructed in the centre of the narthex, with a viewing panel inserted into the timber screen of the centre arch. The church contains a number of commemorative plaques, including First and Second World War memorials.</p><br>
<p>St Andrew&#39;s Hall is located on an adjoining site to the southeast of the church fronting Bolsover Street. The site has carparking at the rear, and some substantial plantings between the two buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Andrew&#39;s Presbyterian Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Andrews Presbyterian Church was constructed in 1894 during a period of immense wealth in Rockhampton due to gold mining in Mount Morgan. The establishment of this substantial brick church was directly tied to the influence of Mount Morgan Gold, as it was funded by Mount Morgan Gold Mining Company trustee and millionaire, William Pattison, MLA. It is an example of the prestigious development which occurred in Rockhampton at a time when it was the premier commercial centre of central Queensland and was promoted by the separation movement as the ideal capital for a new northern state. The church also represents the expansion of the Presbyterian Church in Queensland. Established in 1861 the parish of St Andrews was the first Presbyterian congregation to establish itself so far north in Queensland and the building reflects the prominence of the Presbyterian community in the early establishment of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>St Andrew&#39;s Presbyterian Church is of aesthetic significance, and through its form, fabric and materials, the building makes a significant contribution to the Rockhampton streetscape and townscape. The building also has fine interior materials and finishes, the detailing of which reflects a fine quality of workmanship.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The church has special association for the congregation of St Andrew&#39;s, being their place of worship for over 100 years as well as for the people of Rockhampton as a prominent feature of the townscape which contributes to the image of the city.</p><br>
<p>Training Depot Drill Hall Complex is a heritage-listed former drill hall at Archer Street, Rockhampton City, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. The complex was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 June 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The training depot drill hall was constructed in to specifications prepared by the Office of the Queensland Government Architect in May 1906 with additions to the southern side in 1937. Later additions to the site include the relocation of a drill hall and wagon shed from Mount Morgan in 1928 as well as the construction of a rifle range and brick Q Store by 1939. Further construction works were undertaken during and following the Second World War.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1850s the Archer brothers, William and Charles, were the first to exploit the pastoral prospects of the Rockhampton region following favourable reports from the explorers Ludwig Leichhardt and Thomas Mitchell a decade earlier. The New South Wales Government proclaimed the new pastoral districts of Port Curtis and Leichhardt in 1854 and Charles Archer reached Gracemere in 1855. Rockhampton was proclaimed a town in 1858 and an official town survey was carried out by Arthur Wood.</p><br>
<p>At the time of Queensland&#39;s separation, defence of the colonies was linked to Britain and British foreign policy. There was no guarantee that the Royal Navy would be able, or willing, to protect the Australian colonies in all eventualities. Each colony therefore developed their own defence forces.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Government did not have the financial resources or population to establish a standing army; consequently, volunteer military forces have played a central role in the organisation of the defence of Queensland. Volunteer units were formed from 1860 onwards and regular training camps were organised as citizen soldiers became the foundation of the State&#39;s defence. These camps were held so that the various individual groups could train in larger numbers, a necessary requirement if they were to be an effective fighting force in the event of war.</p><br>
<p>A series of war scares in the late 1870s and an official survey of the colonys defences prepared by two military officers from England forced changes to Queenslands colonial defences. In 1884 the Defence Act was passed, completely reorganising the defence of the colony. The volunteer system was continued but augmented with the establishment of the first permanent local force in Queensland. The permanent force included paid militia and volunteer units, as well as members of the Police Force Rifle Clubs. After the passing of the 1884 defence act the government authorised the construction of a large number of drill halls around the colony. Many were built in the suburbs of Brisbane, and in the major towns such as Ipswich, Warwick, Gympie, Rockhampton, Mackay, Townsville and Cairns. Approximately thirty halls were constructed after 1884 and towards the turn of the century.</p><br>
<p>The training depot was situated on the northern portion of what was Section 25, the whole of which was originally designated a "square" (recreation reserve). The block bounded by Alma, Archer, Cambridge and Denison Streets was known as Leichhardt Square. In 1881, Leichhardt Square was proclaimed a Reserve for Public Purposes temporarily under the control of the municipality. In 1884, municipal control was declared permanent. Archer Park railway station was constructed on the southern half of the "square" in the late 1890s and opened in 1899.</p><br>
<p>The northern portion of Leichhardt Square (the training depot) was gazetted as a Defence Force Reserve (R139) in 1901. The reserve was one of many sites nationally that was transferred from the state to the commonwealth at Federation for defence purposes. This included buildings, fortifications, guns, ammunition and stores. In Rockhampton, a total of £4,526 of land, buildings and furniture was transferred. The "Drill Shed Reserve, Archer Park" was valued at £2,250 with no structures listed as being on the site at the time.</p><br>
<p>Before Federation the Queensland Defence Forces in Rockhampton are known to have utilised a site in Fitzroy Street. Prior to, or in addition to this, a shed near the court house was used. There is no official evidence of the use of the Leichhardt Square for defence purposes until 1901. The Fitzroy Street site was proclaimed a temporary drill shed reserve in 1886. At this time, it was considered that the defence movement in Rockhampton was likely to develop over the next few years and that, having four Corps with only one drill shed, the space was inadequate for the purpose without any spaced annexed to drill on. The "one storey, brick drill shed", as the Fitzroy Street structure was described, was constructed in 1878, although it is not known whether it was purpose built. In 1901, following the creation of the Archer Street site, the Fitzroy Street reserve was rescinded.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Council appears to have been reluctant to lose the Archer Street site and attempted to negotiate conditions. The council consented to the transfer of the remaining portion of Leichhardt Square to military authorities subject to the government transferring to the council a portion of land adjoining the hospital to the Hospital Committee, and giving the council a certificate of title for the Fitzroy Street site. It would seem that the council did not acquire the Fitzroy Street site as it was subsequently used as a drill hall by Navy reservists as well as the 11th Field Ambulance.</p><br>
<p>Specifications for a drill hall and offices for the defence force, Rockhampton were prepared by the Department of Public Works, office of the Government Architect in May 1906. The specifications included the construction of the drill hall and offices, tank stands, earth closet as well as a split paling fence and double gates. By 1911 when repairs were undertaken to the site, an armoury, to the east of the drill hall had been constructed. The contract included general repairs to the woodwork, doors, windows and fanlights. Gravel was also laid down around the main entrance to the drill hall. Those structures to be painted included the drill hall, the armoury, the earth closet, two tanks, the front fence and four gates. The roof and walls of the armoury was also to be colour-washed.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its closure, the depot was occupied by the 42nd Battalion, the Royal Queensland Regiment. The Battalion claims an association with the site from its inception. The Battalion traces its history as a volunteer reserve unit to 1884 when a reorganisation of the Queensland Defence Force occurred, providing for the 5th Regiment, two companies of which were raised in Rockhampton. The 42nd Battalion, Queensland Regiment, has particular associations with Central Queensland, first through the Port Curtis Regiment and then in 1927 the Capricorn Regiment. The 42nd Battalion was originally raised in December 1915 and served with distinction in both world wars, but its military ancestors in Rockhampton go back to 1860 when Queensland Governor George Bowen on his first visit suggested that "a corps of volunteer riflemen" should be raised to provide internal and external defence for the township and also "to foster that spirit of independence and self-reliance, without which no people whose annals are recorded in history has ever attained a vigorous manhood". The Volunteers became an integral part of the city. From the Volunteers rose men of the calibre of Colonel DD Dawson who in 1918 was in command of the 42nd Battalion CMF (after service in Egypt and Gallipoli) and Brigadier-General William George Thompson, who became one of the city&#39;s most distinguished citizens.</p><br>
<p>Other united to have occupied the site include the 3rd Battalion Queensland Mounted Infantry, 15th Australian Light Horse, 9th Field Ambulance, 35 Field Engineer Squadron, 107 Transport Company, 4 Transport Company, the Royal Queensland Regiment, Regimental Cadets and the Air Training Corps.</p><br>
<p>The drill hall, along with the armoury and earth closets, remained the only buildings on site until April 1928. At this time three structures (a drill hall, wagon shed and earth closet) were removed from Mount Morgan and re-erected at the training depot. The drill hall and wagon shed, although modified, have remained on the property since that time. Plans to renovate the 1906 drill hall were carried out in 1937, when it was extended on the southern side. By 1943, the original armoury had been replaced with an ablutions and store block. A petrol/oil store was located to the west of the drill hall. This was later removed and a brick store was constructed in the north-west corner. The drill hall moved from Mt Morgan was being used for administration and also as a lecture hall, while the wagon shed moved from Mt Morgan was in use as a garage. By far the most construction taken place on the site was at the northern end. Buildings included another store, latrines, officers mess and two buildings used as sleeping quarters, as well as an administration building, kitchen/officers mess, other sleeping quarters and sergeants quarters.</p><br>
<p>By 1943 the brick Q store had also been constructed. According to the oral histories from those who were associated with the site, the Q store had been constructed at least by 1939. A section of this building was also utilised as a magazine, until it was decommissioned in the 1980s. During the Second World War, army medicals were held in the 1906 drill hall, which, by then, was also used as a recruiting depot. Similarly, in the 1950s, medicals for National Servicemen were held in the hall. The adjacent parade ground was the assembly point for servicemen on route to camp. Following the war, the drill hall was a popular venue for functions and dances and the 42nd Battalion used to cater for refreshments as a fundraiser.</p><br>
<p>By 1939, the rifle range has also been constructed. The range was used for firing 22 calibre bullets inside modified 303 and other rifles. This served the dual purpose of allowing reservists to have regular weapons handling practice and to provide experience prior to using larger calibre bullets at a regular, but less easily accessible, firing range. The range was used by school cadets from at least the Second World War. Besides defence units, the range was also used by civilian clubs, until the late 1980s.</p><br>
<p>At various times sections of the 1906 drill hall have been used as a Q Store, armoury, sergeants mess and secure storage for vehicles loaded with goods. Immediately before its decommissioning, the drill hall fulfilled a number of purposes for the 42nd Battalion, as offices for Battalion headquarters staff, officers mess and hall. Battalion memorabilia were displayed in cases and on the wall at one end of the hall area. From 1939 onwards, the 1906 hall was not used for formal military drilling. The hall area was not considered large enough for drilling purposes and the parade ground was used for such activities.</p><br>
<p>Further work to the site following the war included plans for residences for married quarters in February 1957 and again in February 1958. In order to construct the buildings, the earlier officers&#39; mess was demolished. By the 1990s, the buildings no longer met requirements for married quarters and were used for administration purposes.</p><br>
<p>In October 2000 the 42nd Battalion officially vacated the Archer Street Training Depot, moving to a larger site at Western Street, near the Rockhampton Airport. Presently, the former training depot remains vacant.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former training depot drill hall has roughly a square floor plan. Viewed from the south or front elevation (Archer Street) it is divided into three equal gable roofed sections with a transverse gable over the drill hall behind. It is low-set building set on concrete stumps with a corrugated iron roof and is clad on three sides with weatherboard and has sash windows. The front is clad in an exposed frame and single skin tongue and groove "V" joint vertical boards. There is a full length skillion roofed veranda across the western side.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the front and western sides of the building are divided into partitioned offices and other rooms. Internal walls and ceilings are mostly tongue and groove vertically-joined boards with a number of walls being covered over with plywood and fibro sheeting. A fibreboard and batten ceiling in the drill hall section has also been added to what was originally an open roof cavity.</p><br>
<p>The floor in the hall is tongue and groove hardwood. The office and vestibule areas have been covered with linoleum, carpet and tiles.</p><br>
<p>The rifle range is approximately 25 metres long with a backing board at the northern end. The backing board is angular in shape and approximately eight metres across and four metres high. It is constructed of double skin horizontal timber slats packed with gravel and earth in between each one. A metal plate on which the target was placed is positioned in the centre of the range at the base. It is located adjacent to the drill hall.</p><br>
<p>The former drill hall, relocated from Mount Morgan, and later used for administration and as a sergeants mess, is located on the eastern side of the site. The former drill hall is a low-set rectangular building with a corrugated iron and plywood exterior on concrete stumps. The original core of the building has a gabled corrugated iron roof. A skillion roofed extension has been added to the southern end. Internally, the former drill hall has a combination of original tongue and groove, vertically-joined, single skin boards and more recent fibro, plywood and particle board partitions. The floor of the original building is 75 millimetre tongue and groove hardwood, with tiles and carpet in the extension at the southern end. The original sash windows have been replaced with modern fittings. A veranda and outdoor pergola area extending back from the southern end of the building have been dismantled.</p><br>
<p>The former store is the former wagon shed removed from Mount Morgan at the same time as the former drill hall. The former wagon shed is a rectangular gabled roof shed with a corrugated iron exterior over a timber framework. There is no internal sheeting. Three sets of large hinged double doors across the western side provided access to the building. The building has no windows. The floor is a concrete slab with the exception of a small section of raised timber flooring at the northern end that has been partitioned off from the remainder.</p><br>
<p>The former Q Store, located in the north-east corner of the site, is a red brick, rectangular building with a hip corrugated iron roof with a small windowed loft/attic in the centre and a concrete floor. Internally, the building is divided into three equal brick walled sections each with large sliding double doors both sides of the building, giving access to Alma Street and the depot yard. Concrete ramps open to the yard side.</p><br>
<p>The only windows to the building are very high. These are sash windows across both ends, protected by vertical steel bars. Two sections have exposed timber beams and rafters and the third section has had a fibro sheet ceiling installed. Other modifications to the place include some fibro sheet and vertically joined board partitioning and the addition of chip board flooring in the loft/attic to facilitate storage.</p><br>
<p>Other buildings on site include an administration building, originally constructed as a married quarters, located in the north-east corner of the site. The building is a low set rectangular building set on concrete stumps with a corrugated iron roof and hardiplank sheeted exterior. Internally, the rooms are partitioned with AC fibro sheet. The floor is timber. The adjacent carport/store has a Colorbond square boxed sheet exterior over a timber frame with a roller door and skillion roof.</p><br>
<p>A second former married quarters, later used as an administration building, is located in the north-east corner of the site. The building is high-set on concrete stumps with a weatherboard sheeted exterior and a corrugated iron hip roof. The interior is partitioned with masonite walls with timber flooring and original casement windows.</p><br>
<p>Other buildings on site include, more recently constructed stores, administration buildings and sheds. The area where the memorial was situated now comprises a square of raised earth. Constructed around eight years ago, the memorial stone has been moved to the new premises on Western Street. The parade ground, a bitumen quadrangle, measures approximately 60 metres by 30 metres. The area served dual purposes as both a parade ground and parking enclosure.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Training Depot Drill Hall Complex was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 June 2007 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Training Depot Drill Hall complex is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, particularly as the drill hall is a good, intact example of a post-Federation drill hall built prior to the increased construction of halls following amendments to the Defence Act in 1911. The drill hall is significant as a good example of its respective type and period and demonstrates the development of the site as a militia training depot. This scheme is visible in the fabric and layout of the drill hall and the parade ground.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The 1906 drill hall is significant as a now rare example of one of the earliest extant, in-situ, drill halls in Queensland, and one of few remaining drill halls constructed prior to the First World War. Many of the extant drill halls in Queensland, for example those at Annerley, Albion, Kelvin Grove and Sandgate, were constructed post-1911, following the amendments to the Defence Act.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>With large spaces originally designed for internal drilling exercises and offices for companies assigned to the site, both the original drill hall and the relocated drill hall from Mt Morgan are significant as examples of the type of drill halls designed by the commonwealth government before and during the First World War. Particularly, the use of timber and corrugated iron was in response to a need for the buildings to be constructed efficiently and economically.</p><br>
<p>The associated buildings and structures on the site, particularly, the rifle range, the former married quarters, the 1914 wagon shed relocated from Mt Morgan, the various storage facilities, as well as the former brick Q Store, and kitchen and ablutions blocks provide further evidence of the use and evolution of the site, and the manner in which the participants spent time in the compound.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Until recently, the Department of Defence had continuously utilised the site for at least a century. Whilst the numbers of servicemen and women who may have visited and trained at the site cannot be ascertained, their association with the depot is certain.</p><br>
<p>The former Albany Felt Company Complex, now The Lofts at One Broadway, is located along Broadway  in eastern Albany County, New York, United States. It is mostly within the village of Menands, with a small portion at its southern end within the city of Albany. In 2014 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1902 the Albany Felt Company built the first of several buildings on the site to manufacture industrial felt for the regions paper industry. Soon that building became its corporate headquarters; it expanded regularly over the first half of the 20th century to the complexs present size. Two ponds on the property were originally created as reservoirs for fire suppression, since the factory was at the time it was built a considerable distance from the nearest firehouse.</p><br>
<p>Over the later half of the 20th century, the company continued to prosper and expanded both its geographical reach and its product line, changing its name to Albany International in the process. By the early 21st century, its product line had largely evolved from felts to composites. In the 2010s, shortly before the property was listed on the Register, it moved its headquarters to New Hampshire and sold the Albany buildings. Part has been used by a self-storage business; the main office building is currently being remodeled into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The factory complex is located on a 14.45 acre lot primarily in Menands, with its southern portion in Albany&#39;s North Albany neighborhood. It is the northernmost property listed on the National Register in the city of Albvany, as a result. The area is primarily urban, transitioning from densely developed mixed commercial and residential use in a loose grid pattern of streets on the west to larger industrial facilities with undeveloped buffer to the east. The terrain rises to the west but is level on the east, reflecting the presence of the Hudson River a half-mile (800 m) in that direction.</p><br>
<p>The lot is rectangular, with the long axis running generally north-south parallel to Broadway on its west, which at the Wolfert Street intersection midway alongside becomes part of New York State Route 32. On the north are two vacant lots. East of the factory, past a small wooded buffer area, is a rail line paralleled by Canal Road, the former route of the Erie Canal. Albany County&#39;s sewage treatment plant is on the other side. To the south of the complex is another, smaller industrial complex.</p><br>
<p>An original decorative cast iron fence with brick poles runs along all the property lines save the east, which uses a modern chainlink fence. It is accompanied by regularly spaced mature trees along the Broadway side. There are entrances from Broadway near the north and south ends of the property. The latter has a small gatehouse.</p><br>
<p>Within the fence are three buildings. The large main building, with several wings, runs from the north to south along the length of the property. To its east, in the southeast of the property, are two smaller warehouses, the northern one larger than the other.</p><br>
<p>South of the main building, within Albany rather than Menands, is a small pond about the width of that end of the building. It is landscaped and surrounded with several concrete paths; a driveway curves around it from the parking lot to the main entrance and back. To its south is an unpaved parking lot. Roadways leading east from it circle the east side of the property, passing the warehouses and leading to other parking lots and eventually the lot near the entrance at the north end. Another pond, mostly rectangular in shape with an additional fence around it, is located in the southern portion of the space on the main building&#39;s west amidst the lawns around it.</p><br>
<h3>Main building</h3><br>
<p>The main building extends 602 ft to the north from the south wing. Its main block was built at different times of three separate similarly sized sections; they appear as one single section today. The earliest is the largest, just north of the southern section and perpendicular to it. It is a three-story structure of load-bearing brick walls, 2 ft thick at the base and narrowing to 16 in at the third story, with a flat roof covered in polyvinyl chloride, 85 ft wide at the south end and 170 ft at the north. In addition to the southern wing, there is a small L-shaped addition on the east side just north of it.</p><br>
<p>On both east and west side, its fenestration consists of regularly spaced gently arched windows in every bay. All are 6 – wide, separated by only half that distance, with a central mullion separating nine panes on either side; the windows on the east elevation of the eastern face of the extension on the north side are even larger. Some have hopper windows in their bottom panes. The window arches are topped by splayed bricks; at the roofline is a wooden eave supported by brackets. Along the ground level regularly planted shrubs and decorative trees screen many of the windows. The western elevation has two four-bay, one-story additions on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>The southern wing is centered on a five-story stair tower, 22 ft square. An entrance pavilion of later construction projects south from the two bottom storys of the south elevation, the only one not connected to another wing. Above it, at the third story, are two offset windows similar in shape and surround to those on the main block but set with 20-pane casement. At a point on the tower equal to about midway along the windows every fifth course of bricks is recessed. The fourth story windows, now on all faces, begin with a rusticated stone sill at the third recessed course; the 20-pane rectangular casement rises past the next five recessed courses to a large splayed brick lintel that itself rises through two more recessed courses.</p><br>
<p>At the top of the windows&#39; splayed brick, a series of brick corbels rise to a rusticated stone course that sets off the fifth story. Above them on each face are two square windows with mullions forming an "X". They, two, have rusticated stone sills and lintels of splayed brick, albeit more restrained than that on the fourth story. Above them in turn is a brick cornice and frieze. The peaked roof has bracketed eaves wider than those on the main block; it is sheathed in metallic tile topped with a blunt finial.</p><br>
<p>The entrance pavilion has three bays. A central section with a metallic hipped roof rises from the otherwise flat roof. All its facades are brick laid in stretcher bond.</p><br>
<p>Entrance is provided by modern glass and steel doors located in the center of the first floor&#39;s south elevation. Above it is a marble entablature with "Albany International" engraved on it. The same brown marble serves as a water table around the base of the pavilion.</p><br>
<p>Windows are the same shape and size as those on the main block but with just four panes; a cast stone stringcourse separates the two stories. Two large security cameras are mounted on it just west of the entrance. A similar window rises from the entablature above the front entrance; on the sides of the second story section are single-pane casement. The roof is surrounded otherwise by a parapet with stone coping.</p><br>
<p>The south wing itself consists of two slightly offset wings. On the west is the larger one, extending eight bays from the stair tower toward Broadway and topped with a flat roof. Some portions are overgrown with ivy. In the fifth bay west from the tower is an older wooden main entrance portico.</p><br>
<p>On either side of a low stone porch, two smooth columns with Corinthian capitals are topped by a molded cornice below a frieze with "Albany Felt Co." in the entablature. Above it is a dentilled cornice, overhanging eave and balustraded balcony. The entrance is a pair of doors flanked by sidelights and topped with a fanlight.</p><br>
<p>All other bays on the first floor are set with 12-over-12 double-hung sash windows with stone sills and splayed brick lintels with keystones. The second story has eight-over-eight double-hung sash in every bay. Above it is a cast stone stringcourse, frieze and modillioned stone cornice which serves as the sill line for the third story.</p><br>
<p>Windows on the third story have the same treatment as those below. A plain stone cornice divides them from the similarly treated fourth-story windows, which rise from a plain stone course, the coping that once topped the parapet before the story was built.</p><br>
<p>The three-bay west elevation continues the same window treatments seen on the south. On the north, a framed bay window is along the first floor opposite the entrance portico. The four bays to its west have two larger windows flanking two smaller ones. Window spacing on the two floors above is similarly irregular; the bay east of center on the second story has a window with sidelights.</p><br>
<p>On the east, the wing is five bays wide. It also projects a bay out from the tower. Treatments on this wing are identical to those on the west, with the exception of the stone courses on the upper stories, all of which are plain and flush with the facade.</p><br>
<p>The southeast addition is also three storys high, although not to the height of the main block. It similarly has a flat roof. The main entrance is in the third bay from the east on the six-bay southern facade. It is a modern steel and glass door sheltered by a front-gabled metal roof supported by two square brick pillars.</p><br>
<p>Fenestration on the first story otherwise consists of 18-pane rectangular casement in the bays on the first floor east of the entrance, and double versions of those windows with the lower 12 panes opening hopper style on the west. The second story has 12-over-12 double-hung sash with four-pane transoms; above it the third story has 8-over-12 double-hung sash with four-pane transoms. At the roofline is another eave with brackets.</p><br>
<h4>Interior</h4><br>
<p>The south wing contains former offices, now being converted into apartments, on both sides of both wings with a central hallway, on all floors. The sections to the north have open interiors with 15 ft ceilings. They are floored with 4 – tongue and groove thin strip wooden planks. From them three rows of wooden pillars (two rows in the northeast section), divide the section into four internal bays, connecting to exposed wooden joists on the ceiling.</p><br>
<h3>Warehouses</h3><br>
<p>There are two warehouses on the east side of the building, near the southeast corner of the main building. The more southerly, and older, is a one-story brick rectangular front-gabled structure with a full-length brick addition on the side, just southeast of the main building&#39;s east wing. The main entrance on the north side is an overhead garage door with a normal one next to it. To their east are three oversized glass block windows. A former window in the gable peak has been bricked in. Inside the building is open, with an timber floor and exposed wooden trusses.</p><br>
<p>Just to its north is a flat-roofed square five-story brick structure, the other warehouse. It has entrances, both overhead and normal, on all its facades. On the north elevation two vertical bays of windows rise the full height, complemented on the south by two large loading dock doors. A stone course separates the first floor from those above. Inside it has concrete floors with mushroom columns.</p><br>
<h3>Other structures and objects</h3><br>
<p>At the south entrance is a gatehouse. It is an octagonal one-story brick structure with a metallic roof. Since it was built in the later 20th century, it is the only one of the four buildings on the property considered non-contributing to the National Register listing.</p><br>
<p>There are also four small pumphouses on the west side of the mill, surrounding the fire hydrants built there at the same time as the factory. They are considered contributing structures to the listing, as are the ponds on the south (the only significant resource on the property in the city of Albany) and west of the building. The fence around the western pond is, however, of more modern construction, and is the only other non-contributing resource on the property besides the gatehouse.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>For most of its existence, the history of the complex has been the history of the Albany Felt Company.</p><br>
<h3>1895–1901: Founding</h3><br>
<p>Three partners, including Parker Corning, later a USA Congressman and uncle of Albanys long-serving 20th-century mayor Erastus Corning, started the Albany Felt Company in 1895 when the services of one of the industrys best felt makers, Duncan Fuller, became available after the plant he had been working at burned down. Felt was a thriving industry in Albany at the time since the city was a center of papermaking in late 19th century America due to the proximity of the Adirondack Mountains and their expanses of evergreen softwood forests. The textile material was necessary to clothe the Fourdrinier machines that had dominated industrial papermaking since the middle of the century, bracing the paper rolls and helping to dry them.</p><br>
<p>With an initial investment of $40,000, the partners hired Fuller and leased space on Thacher Street in North Albany, almost a mile (1.6 km), south of the current buildings&#39; location. Fuller had recently patented a new method of making felt, and within a year the company had 36 employees. While there were several other industrial felt makers in the country providing product to paper mills at the time, Albany Felt had the advantage of a location close to a major source of wood, deep cash reserves, and a skilled superintendent. Before the turn of the century it had done well enough to hire a salesman who visited mills all over the Northeast.</p><br>
<p>Along with the paper industry as a whole, the company grew. By 1901 its sales had increased fourfold. The company realized it had to expand its facilities to keep up with demand. Albany Felt bought five acres (5 acre) just north of the city line in what was then part of the town of Watervliet.</p><br>
<h3>1902–1920: Construction of plant</h3><br>
<p>The new site was, like the original one, close to major transportation routes such as the Watervliet Turnpike, complete with trolley lines, the Erie Canal and the Hudson River. The Albany Northern Railroad&#39;s tracks ran just east of the site; it built a siding to accommodate construction of the building designed by the firm of Lockwood, Greene and Company. The smaller of the two warehouses, originally sided in clapboard, was also constructed at the same time to store building materials after they were unloaded from the trains. When the new building, designed to withstand the vibrations of the heavy machinery and consisting of the stair tower and the first section of the main plant, opened in 1902, the company had reached 150 employees. A small dye house was built for that part of the process north of the warehouse, on the site of the current larger warehouse.</p><br>
<p>There was one problem, however. At the time Watervliet had no fire department, and the nearest one was in downtown Albany, several miles to the south. Such a slow response time in the event of a fire such as the one that had destroyed Fullers previous place of employment was not a risk the Felt Companys management could retain, and so they created their own fire department for the plant. To provide water to douse any flames, they diverted Rendert&#39;s Stream, a small tributary of the Hudson that flowed through the site, into a 390,000 gal reservoir with fire hydrants to be used in such an event.</p><br>
<p>Later this was supplemented by the one on the south end. There were sometimes dryer fires to put out, but no major conflagrations since those could be extinguished before they spread far. The ponds were converted into decorative ponds in later years when the installation of a sprinkler system made them unnecessary.</p><br>
<p>By 1910 it was necessary to add more production space, so Albany Felt bought more land and commissioned Lockwood to design the first extension, a northern wing that doubled the available space. In 1918 the company&#39;s executives decided to move their offices to the new plant from the original Thacher Street location. They commissioned from Lockwood, Greene a design for an architecturally sympathetic administrative wing, on the southwest corner of the plant. At the time only two storys were needed.</p><br>
<p>The rapid growth of the paper industry had led to mergers and consolidations during the 1910s.</p><br>
<p>At the outset of the 1920s, two of these larger companies, International Paper and American Writing Paper, came to dominate the industry. Albany Felt, now with 223 employees, had become the second largest company in its industry, and sold to both International and American. But Corning, who took over as company president in 1920, saw the need to have a wide range of customers, and began to look to markets abroad. That year, the size of the plant was tripled with the extension to the northeast, using more modern window designs and steel framing as its structural system in order to better withstand the vibrations of the machines.</p><br>
<h3>1920–1941: Consolidation to Menands</h3><br>
<p>The economic prosperity of the Roaring Twenties boosted demand for disposable paper products even higher, further spurring Albany Felt&#39;s growth. By 1925 it was reporting $2.5 million in annual sales. Even then, Corning was anticipating that the explosive growth of the era would not persist, and made sure the company was operating at peak efficiency so as to better weather the inevitable recession. His concerns did not prevent the company from adding the two upper stories to the administrative wing in 1927, adding some ornamentation in the process.</p><br>
<p>When the Great Depression did finally come with the 1929 stock market crash, Corning&#39;s preparations proved prudent. Albany Felt recovered quickly, and not only continued to be profitable but even grew. By 1937 it had reached $3 million in annual sales, and expanded the main building yet again to triple its original size, adding the wing at the southeast. A boardroom, whose original woodwork remains, was also created in the first floor of the administrative wing, with the bay window added on the north facade.</p><br>
<p>In 1941, the USA entered World War II, increasing demand for paper products. Albany Felt had reached a valuation of $5 million. Corning, in his last years as president, had a new five-story warehouse built on the site of the old dye house to store raw materials.</p><br>
<h3>1942–1954: Completion of facility</h3><br>
<p>Corning died two years later, and his cousin Lewis Parker took over as company president. He oversaw continued growth and investment after the war. In 1948, another two-story office wing was built on the southeast of the building, complementing the administrative wing opposite.</p><br>
<p>By 1950, the company was worth $14 million. Two years later, it established a Canadian subsidiary to handle its increasing international growth. The last major addition to the facility came in 1954, when the southeast wing was topped off with two storys, bringing it even with the southwest wing and giving the building its present form.</p><br>
<h3>1955–present: Departure of Albany Felt and remodeling</h3><br>
<p>After that, the company&#39;s expansions and new construction would take place elsewhere as it increased its presence both in other regions of the United States and overseas. In 1969, reflecting its acquisition of the Wisconsin-based Appleton Wire Works and Swedish felt maker Nordiska Maskinfilt, the company changed its name to Albany International and began diversifying, producing other materials for industrial use besides felt. Its headquarters remained in Albany, however, and some improvements were made to the interior, from adding a research laboratory in 1966 to an additional stair a decade later. In the late 1970s, the headquarters functions were moved to space in an office park nearby</p><br>
<p>During the 1980s the boiler rooms were added to the west facade, with additional space for equipment storage. Inside, the second floor was remodeled, with a new HVAC system installed. In 1988, the newest building in the complex, the gatehouse at the south entrance, was added. The entrance pavilion and a parking lot were built.</p><br>
<p>Following those renovations, most production operations were moved out to a new plant in East Greenbush starting in 1988. This allowed the building to once again be used as the company&#39;s headquarters. Most later renovations to the building focused on optimizing its use as office space.</p><br>
<p>By the early 21st century, with the company&#39;s operations increasingly international and concerned with materials besides industrial felt, even the need for headquarters staff was less evident. PrimaLoft, a division that made insulation for use in outdoor clothing, established its own headquarters in the southeast wing after being spun off.</p><br>
<p>In the early 2010s, all associations between the building and the company that had occupied it for over a century ended. The last felts were produced there in 2011. Albany International moved its headquarters to Rochester, New Hampshire, where its growing aerospace composites division was already based, in 2013. PrimaLoft, too, moved to larger headquarters in nearby Latham, that same year.</p><br>
<p>A local developer, Uri Kaufman, who had already converted Harmony Mills, a former textile mill in nearby Cohoes that has been designated a National Historic Landmark, bought the property for $30 million. He rented part of it to a self-storage business. In 2015 he announced plans to convert the building into 145-unit luxury apartments, and add amenities such as a preschool, outdoor pool, tennis courts and golf simulator.</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton Masonic Hall is a heritage-listed masonic hall at 112-114 Kent Street, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Eaton & Bates and built from 1900 to 1901 by Bradshaw & Ricketts. It is also known as Masonic Lodge and Masonic Temple. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 June 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Freemasonry was first established in Queensland in 1859 when dispensation was granted by the Provisional Grand Lodge of New South Wales (English Constitution, hereafter abbreviated as E.C.), authorising what was then the most northerly lodge in Australia, the "North Australian Lodge" of Brisbane. Masonry continued its northward progress, when in 1862 the first lodge in Rockhampton, named Leichhardt No.932 E.C. in honour of the explorer Ludwig Leichhardt, was consecrated:The Leichhardt Masonic Lodge (English Constitution) was opened in Rockhampton on Tuesday, the 23rd September, 1862, at high noon, in the new Masonic Hall. There were upwards of forty brethren present. Sixteen new members joined, and twenty-two were proposed for initiation. Mr. W.J. Brown was duly installed as Worshipful Master by Past Master Marks and Past Master Charet. The complete list of officers was as follows :- Brother W.J. Brown, W.M. Brother J. Bennett, S.W. Brother A.F. Wood, J.W. Brother J.A. Watts, S.D. Brother J.E. Rutherford, J.D. Brother J. Hunter, I.G. Brother E. Kilner, Hon. Secretary and Treasurer.Rockhampton township was initially laid out by survey in 1857 and the first town allotments were sold by auction in 1858. The Canoona goldrush of 1858 gave impetus to the early development of the township of Rockhampton as both a river port and trading centre, resulting in Rockhampton becoming the administrative centre for Central Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The first Masonic Hall in Rockhampton was built and was situated on Quay Lane (adjoined Skardon&#39;s Hotel), between Denham and Fitzroy Streets. This building was later destroyed by fire in 1866.</p><br>
<p>In 1869 a second Masonic Hall was built, situated on East Street (approximately No.31 East Street), between Fitzroy and Archer Streets, Rockhampton. The First Masonic Lodge meeting at these East Street premises was held in January 1870. An 1878 reference to this East Street premises, stated:"The Masonic fraternity own a brick building in East-street, dreary looking from the outside; but the initiated know best its internal excellencies."Rockhampton experienced a period of steady growth during 1858 through to 1882. With the discovery of the vast mining potential at Mount Morgan in 1882, Rockhampton benefited from the generated wealth and rapidly expanded. This led to a period of major building in the heart of the city particularly evident along Quay Street besides the wharves, as well as amongst the array of affluent residences erected on "The Range".</p><br>
<p>At a Masonic meeting in Rockhampton on 14 April 1882, various resolutions were passed including that a "Masonic Lodge be formed under the Scottish Constitution" and that this Lodge "be called "Douglas in honour of the District Grand Master of Queensland, Scottish Constitution, The Hon. John Douglas". The Douglas No.677 Scottish Constitution (hereafter abbreviated as S.C.) was subsequently consecrated on 23 May 1882 at the East Street Masonic Hall.</p><br>
<p>John Douglas (1824-1904) was a New South Wales and Queensland politician and administrator. He was Queensland Premier from 1877 to 1879, and during 1885-1904 was Government Resident at Thursday Island, Torres Strait. Douglas was also noted as a Freemason and grand master, who represented Rockhampton in the Queensland Legislative Assembly during 1863-1865.</p><br>
<p>In 1889 certain members of the Douglas Lodge No.677 S.C. expressed their dissatisfaction at the communication delays with the Grand Lodge of Scotland. Spirited discussions arose as to whether Douglas Lodge should remain with the Grand Lodge of Scotland, or join the proposed Grand Lodge of Queensland. On 1 October 1889 a motion was passed that Douglas Lodge "gives its hearty support and assistance in the formation of a Grand Lodge of Queensland. This caused quite an upheaval in the Lodge but the motion remained on the minute book and when the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Queensland was formed on the 25th June, 1904, Douglas 677 affiliated with it and became No.13 Queensland Constitution."</p><br>
<p>During this period the premises at East Street were not considered suitable for lodge meetings because of the proximity of the public and the horse stables situated next door. In 1889 as a result, the Masonic Hall Company was formed by the Leichhardt and Douglas Lodges and the Rockhampton Chapter. This was a Public Company in which many Rockhampton citizens who were not masons are said to have bought shares.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Hall Company was later able to purchase land at 110 Kent Street, Rockhampton. Construction of a new Masonic Hall, Rockhamptons third, at this new site was commenced in 1900. The consecration ceremony for these premises took place on 27 February 1901. Rockhamptons Morning Bulletin reported:The ceremony of the consecration of the new Masonic Hall in Kent-street, near Archer-street, took place yesterday. For some time past the old Masonic Hall in East-street has proved to be inadequate, and this led to the erection of a more suitable building. Messrs. Eaton and Bates were the architects... and the contractors were Messrs. Bradshaw and Ricketts. The hall cost &pound;2500, and it was constructed with credit to both the architects and contractors. The visitors from Brisbane and other parts of Queensland who took part in the consecration ceremony... speak in the highest terms of the new hall and pronounce it the finest Masonic Hall in Queensland. The conveniences are all that could be desired, while the acoustic properties are simply perfect... The hall was consecrated in the afternoon, and the ceremony was followed by a dinner in the evening....Shortly after the consecration the first Masonic meeting at the Kent Street premises took place on 6 March 1901.</p><br>
<p>The architectural partnership of George Thomas Eaton and Albert Edmund Bates, which first opened an office in Rockhampton, were responsible for the design of an array of prominent residences and other public and private buildings in Rockhampton, Mount Morgan, and other Central Queensland locations. In 1901, Arthur Beckford Polin joined the partnership, and in 1902 the firm&#39;s main office moved to Brisbane, though branch offices were retained in Rockhampton and Townsville.</p><br>
<p>The Kent Street Masonic Lodge is a purpose built extant stone and brick, two storey building, consisting of an upper storey (lodge room, refreshment hall, and dressing rooms), and a lower level which has been utilised for banquets, balls and other public purposes. A history of Douglas Lodge No.677 S.C. states:"The ground floor was used for many years as a dance hall, and in the 1950s an extension was made to the building. Later the Hall Board turned the ground floor into a second lodge room, air-conditioned the building, and today we have a Temple of which all masons may be justly proud."With the formation of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Queensland in 1904, Rockhamptons Douglas Lodge No.677 S.C. became affiliated and thereafter became known as Douglas No.13 Queensland Constitution (hereafter abbreviated as Q.C.). The first meeting of Douglas No.13 Q.C. was held on 17 August 1904, during which the oath of allegiance to the Grand Lodge of Queensland was administered. In 1904 this Lodge was stated as having "69 Brethren" on its roll, but dwindled to forty by 1906. In 1908 the original Scottish Charter was returned to those members who had withdrawn from the Lodge in 1904. This situation saw the revival of Douglas Lodge No.677 S.C., which in a history of the Athelstane Masonic Lodge recounted as a unique situation of twin lodges (Douglas No.13 Q.C., and Douglas 677 S.C.), both of which are "direct descendants of the one parent lodge - Douglas 677 S.C. of 1882".</p><br>
<p>Masonic activity also took place outside of Rockhampton in surrounding areas. At Mount Chalmers township a new Lodge (Mount Chalmers Lodge) commenced regular meetings on 29 September 1908. At a meeting of this Lodge on 29 February 1916, "the matter of removing the Charter to some more populous centre" was brought up for discussion though no decision was made at this time. It wasnt till 23 May 1916 before the decision was finally made to move to North Rockhampton. The final meeting at Mount Chalmers took place on 12 September 1916, after which "Dispensation to hold the Installation Meeting in the North Rockhampton Council Chambers" was approved and took place on 7 October 1916, thus severing this Lodges ties with the community of Mount Chalmers.</p><br>
<p>In late January 1918 a record flood of the Fitzroy River flooded the Lodge Room of the North Rockhampton Lodge (formally Mount Chalmers Lodge). Permission was sought to hold meetings at the Kent Street Temple until the end of May 1918 when this Lodge was able to return to its North Rockhampton premises. On 14 August 1918 the North Rockhampton Lodge agreed to purchase a building site in Musgrave Street, North Rockhampton. This site was held by this Lodge for many years until the building project was finally shelved. On 15 December 1921 the North Rockhampton Lodge decided that the inadequacies of the Council Chambers as a suitable Masonic venue necessitated the permanent change of venue to the Kent Street premises. The final meeting of the North Rockhampton Lodge at the Council Chambers took place on 7 January 1922.</p><br>
<p>The formation of the United Grand Lodge of Queensland in 1921 saw Douglas Lodge No.677 S.C. change to the Constitution of the Queensland Grand Lodge, as well as renumbered and becoming Douglas Lodge No.23 Q.C. As both Lodges (Douglas Lodge No.13 Q.C. and Douglas Lodge No.23 Q.C.) had now joined the United Grand Lodge of Queensland, Douglas Lodge No.13 Q.C. changed its name to "Athelstane", taking its name from the Athelstane Range on which much of Rockhampton is situated.</p><br>
<p>At this time Athelstane Lodge was stated as having eighty members on its roll. With these changes Athelstane Lodge was also given a new charter and by-laws and then renumbered, becoming 35 U.G.L.Q. Douglas Lodge No.23 Q.C. retained its name "Douglas" and its strong Scottish influence, but was similarly renumbered, becoming No.36 U.G.L.Q. A history of the Athelstane Lodge noted that the change over to the United Grand Lodge of Queensland was carried out smoothly, with each Lodge taking the oath of allegiance and thereafter simply carrying on under their respective Constitutions. The Kent Street premises are currently still utilised by Rockhampton&#39;s Masons.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Masonic Hall is a two-storey masonry building addressing Kent Street. It is an imposing building within the streetscape, on a level grassed site which runs through to the street at the rear.</p><br>
<p>The front north-eastern facade, addressing Kent Street, is articulated with decoration and classical ornamentation. It features strong indented horizontal coursing, string courses dividing the upper and lower levels, a cornice with dentils and a balustraded parapet. It has triangular pediments to the upper windows and entrance door, and arched heads to the windows of the lower level.</p><br>
<p>The projecting central bay of this facade has an arched opening and masonry balustrade to the upper level balcony, Ionic pilasters topped with domed turrets and ball finials at the corners, and a pedimented parapet.</p><br>
<p>Perpendicular to the front section of the building is the two-storey wing of the Lodge Room and meeting halls. It has arched headed windows and a gable roof, but little decoration in comparison to the front facade. Abutting both sides of this wing on the lower level are skillion-roofed extensions.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Masonic Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 June 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Kent Street Masonic Hall is important in illustrating the evolution of Queensland&#39;s history having been purpose built for the needs and use of freemasonry in and around Rockhampton. This place is the third and only extant Masonic premises in Rockhampton, constructed during the boom building period of the late 19th century that followed the discovery of the mineral wealth at Mount Morgan.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>This Masonic Hall is important in exhibiting aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, being a prominent feature in the local streetscape and a grand example of regional design for the requirements and symbolism associated with freemasonry. This place is also a significant example of architectural design undertaken by the partnership of Eaton and Bates who were particularly prominent in Rockhampton from 1894-1900s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This Masonic Hall is important in exhibiting aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, being a prominent feature in the local streetscape and a grand example of regional design for the requirements and symbolism associated with freemasonry.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The Kent Street Masonic Hall also has a strong association with the Rockhampton community, particularly for local Freemasons and their families, as the principal and symbolic place for the practice of freemasonry in the City. These premises have been an important centre for cultural and social activities at this site since 1901, and are integral to the history of several Masonic lodges in and around Rockhampton whose origins stem back to the lodge established in 1862.</p><br>
<p>The Parker Hill Rural Historic District encompasses a large  rural agricultural landscape in eastern Windham and Windsor Counties in the US state of Vermont. Roughly centered on Parker Hill Road in northern Rockingham and southern Springfield, the district exhibits a history of 200 years of farming, including a collection of Federal period farm housing. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Parker Hill area is broadly defined by Parker Hill Road to the west and Obrien and Lower Parker Hill Roads to the east, which run from the Williams River in Rockingham, north to Seavers Brook, a tributary of the Black River. Parker Hill Road traverses a ridge that rises several hundred feet above the valley floor of the Williams River. The landscape today is that of an agricultural and post-agricultural area, with some of its historic farms still operating, but with many abandoned fields that are reverting to mixed forest. These fields are typically divided by stone walls created in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when the land was first cleared for cultivation. Stone walls also tend to line the few public roads through the area.</p><br>
<p>The district includes 25 farm properties, and a number of smaller parcels, typically subdivided from those farms, on which summer houses have been built. The farm complexes are mostly detached, with a farmhouse and several outbuildings. The houses are typically vernacular interpretations of late Georgian and Federal period styling, executed in wood or brick; one farmhouse has modest Italianate elements. Four of the houses have second-floor ballrooms, a sign of the builder&#39;s prosperity. In addition to the surviving farmsteads, the area is dotted with the remnants of abandoned farmsteads, in some cases limited to the presence of foundations and cellar holes. Although some farms continue to operate in the area today, many of these properties are now used as seasonal residences.</p><br>
<p>Sulphur Creek is a slot canyon canyoneering route found in Capitol Reef National Park in the state of Utah. It is a 6.25 mile hike one way and has been categorized by the state of Utah as an easy hiking trail. The canyon contains waterfalls, pools, overhangs and red sandstone, and a shallow stream that runs through it year-round. The route begins from the Chimney Rock trailhead and ends at the Visitor Center. The rocks at Sulphur Creek are some of the oldest exposed rocks in Capitol Reef.</p><br>
<p>Sulphur Creek confluences with the Fremont River at the town of Fruita, Utah, located within Capitol Reef National Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the building of the Transcontinental Railroad, David Kimball, Herber Kimball and W. Riley Judd sub-contracted to build part of the railroad along Sulphur Creek</p><br>
<p>St Pauls Anglican Cathedral Hall is a heritage-listed church hall at 89 William Street, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It is adjacent to St Pauls Anglican Cathedral. It was designed by Louis Spier Robertson and built. It is also known as St Pauls Anglican Cathedral Offices, St Pauls Anglican Cathedral Parish Hall, and St Paul&#39;s Day School . It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 June 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Anglican cleric to reach Rockhampton was Queenslands first Anglican Bishop, Bishop Edward Tufnell, in November 1860, though lay ministers held Anglican services in Rockhampton during the late 1850s. Following shortly after Tuffnells visit, Reverend Thomas Jones arrived at Rockhampton, becoming the popular pioneer Anglican rector. Jones encouraged his congregation to raise sufficient funds in 1862 to allow construction of a small timber church to be built on what later became the site of the present Cathedral Hall.</p><br>
<p>Later more funds were raised for a new and larger church with plans drawn up and construction beginning on St Pauls Church in 1872, though this building was not completed and consecrated until 1883. In 1892 the Church of England Diocese of Rockhampton was formed and the St Pauls Church was upgraded becoming the Cathedral Church of Saint Paul the Apostle. The foundation bishop, the Right Reverend Nathaniel Dawes, was formally emplaced on 30 November 1892. In 1899, Louis Spier Robertson who designed the Cathedral Hall building, also designed the entrance gates constructed at Rockhamptons St Pauls Cathedral.</p><br>
<p>The St Pauls Cathedral Hall, a superb extant Federation style red brick building with wide verandas supported by turned wooden posts, was completed. This new brick building was initially utilised by the Anglican Church at Rockhampton in the establishment of the Saint Pauls Day School which opened in 1901, and continued at this location until the end of 1912, after which these premises became known as the Parish Hall.</p><br>
<p>This building was designed in 1899 by Louis Spier Robertson (b. c.1869; d. 1932). Robertson was a Sydney architect and surveyor (c.1890-96), who moved to Rockhampton where he married Elizabeth Frances Leighton on 26 April 1896. Robertson began a successful architectural practice in Rockhampton at East Street from January 1897 until 1905 when he returned to Sydney. Despite this move, Robertson continued to undertake Queensland work, including later in partnership with his son (Louis S. Robertson and Son Architects). Another noted work by Robertson includes Nelson House (1910) in Sydney, which was the first self-supporting steel framed building erected in Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Pauls Anglican Cathedral Hall and Offices is a single storey red brick building, consisting of a hall and a wing of offices to the west. It is situated on the corner of William and Denison Streets, Rockhampton, addressing William Street to the north-west. To the north-east, across Alma Lane, is St Pauls Cathedral. The Hall is also near the Deanery and the Lodge.</p><br>
<p>The parish hall has a simple gabled roof, with timber brackets supporting the front overhang. Above the entry is a projecting bay with a window, pilasters, arched head and rendered cornice. Along the street facade is a verandah with turned timber posts, and a gabled entry portico.</p><br>
<p>This building is an example of an unorthodox use of classical elements, such as the arch at the central gable. The detailing and massing is influenced by Arts and Crafts movement and Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>This building has a conspicuous roof with prominent gable verge held by brackets at the gable. The tuck pointed face brickwork, turned timber posts, roof vent, terracotta details including plaque with a date, the large semicircular arch, and the roof form differentiates the hall from the offices.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Paul&#39;s Anglican Cathedral Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 June 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The St Pauls Cathedral Hall and Offices demonstrates the evolution of Queenslands History, in this case the spread and development of the Anglican Church in regional Queensland at this important regional community of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The St Paul&#39;s Cathedral Hall demonstrates the principal characteristics influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement and Queen Anne style, with elements of unorthodox Classical style incorporated.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This building accordingly exhibits particular aesthetic characteristics associated with this style, as well as complimenting the William Street streetscape and associated Anglican Church precinct, that includes the adjacent St Paul&#39;s Cathedral.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>This place has a strong association for social, cultural and spiritual reasons with the Church of England community of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has a special association with the work and history of the Anglican Church in regional Queensland, particularly from the establishment of the Diocese of Rockhampton in 1892 when this precinct became the seat of the Bishop of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>Shandon is a heritage-listed house at 166 Alma Street, Rockhampton City, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built by William Adam Lawson. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>One of Rockhampton&#39;s grander residences, "Shandon", was erected on Alma Street in 1892 by local builder and contractor William Adam Lawson, for resident surgeon and medical practitioner, Dr Henry Edwad Brown.</p><br>
<p>"Shandon" is an extant example of Classic-style architecture adapted to Rockhampton&#39;s climatic needs by providing deep shading and a ventilating corridor to the interior of the premises.</p><br>
<p>Queensland Post Office records provide the first mention of Dr Henry Brown residing and working in Rockhampton as part of the community&#39;s "Medical Profession" in the period 1885-86, though no place of address is evident until 1888. From 1888 through to 1893, Dr Brown who is variously listed as medical practitioner and surgeon, resided at Campbell Street, Rockhampton. Records show that Dr Brown was then able to take up residence in his new purpose-built town house, "Shandon", on Alma Street by 1894-1895.</p><br>
<p>During the period 1892 through to 1897-1899, Dr Brown was engaged as the Visiting Surgeon to the 32-bed Children&#39;s Hospital in Rockhampton. Dr Brown also appears briefly on the Medical Staff of the 114-bed Port Curtis and Leichhardt Hospital (on Canning Street) approximately 1892-1893.</p><br>
<p>The well-known local builder and contractor of "Shandon" was Walter Adam Lawson. One history of Rockhampton acknowledges Lawsons local talents and contribution to the Citys various buildings:The fine handcrafted doors and window sashes in many older Rockhampton homes were possibly made in Lawsons Joinery Works.... Its founder, Walter Adam Lawson, was born in Scotland in 1847 and there he learned his trade as carpenter and joiner. On arrival in Rockhampton in 1875 he obtained work with John Ferguson who was then the towns leading contractor, but several years later he and a partner trading as Holyoake & Lawson started joinery works in William Street. Lawson bought his partners share in 1884, and about 1896 moved into his own newly erected premises in Bolsover Street. Major buildings constructed by Lawson during his pre-1900 contracting days include Saint Andrews Church, the School of Arts, and private homes for Doctor F.H.V. Voss and Doctor H.E. Brown (Shandon).Lawson&#39;s building contracting business (as was another builder and contractor P. Egan) was situated at William Street, Rockhampton. Lawson remained at this site until, after which he moved to new premises at Bolsover Street by 1893.</p><br>
<p>Dr Browns residential vision, combined with Lawsons contracting talents, resulted in a place of considerable "architectural merit and interest", which warranted the classification of "Shandon" by the National Trust of Queensland in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>"Shandon" is a two storey rendered masonry residence addressing Alma Street, Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The main facade, facing north-west, is symmetrical with a two-storied verandah, twin gables and, below the gables, bay windows to both levels.</p><br>
<p>The verandah, which returns at each end, has at the lower level an arched arcade of rendered masonry with pilasters and cast iron balustrading. The upper level of the verandah has double timber posts, cast iron balustrades and timber louvred panels above. Between the levels is a moulded string course.</p><br>
<p>"Shandon" is located in a precinct which includes St Pauls Anglican Cathedral, St Pauls Cathedral Hall, and other church buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Shandon was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>"Shandon" is important in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics valued by both the Rockhampton and broader community. This place is an important component in the local streetscape of Alma and William Streets, Rockhampton, and compliments (on the same block) the heritage listed St Pauls Anglican Cathedral, and the associated Anglican church precinct that includes St Pauls Cathedral Hall and Offices.</p><br>
<p>"Shandon" is also important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural place, in this case a prominent and substantial town residence erected for Rockhampton Surgeon, Dr Henry E. Brown in 1892.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Shandon is also important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural place, in this case a prominent and substantial town residence erected for Rockhampton Surgeon, Dr Henry E. Brown in 1892.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Shandon is important in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics valued by both the Rockhampton and broader community. This place is an important component in the local streetscape of Alma and William Streets, Rockhampton, and compliments (on the same block) the heritage listedSt Pauls Anglican Cathedral, and the associated Anglican church precinct that includes St Pauls Cathedral Hall and Offices.</p><br>
<p>The Hondo River Bridge  was a historic bridge over the Hondo River in Comerío municipality, Puerto Rico. As of 1995, it was the oldest bridge truss in Puerto Rico, employing a double Warren pony truss design and unique open web transverse joists. It was originally installed in 1881 as one of three spans of the Reyes Católicos Bridge over the Plata River on the San Juan–Mayagüez road, using metal parts fabricated in Belgium. After a hurricane destroyed one of the other spans of the Reyes Católicos Bridge in 1899, this surviving span was moved and re-installed on new abutments under the supervision of engineer Rafael Nones in 1908, as part of the Comerío–Barranquitas road. It was finally removed and replaced in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>44 Central Avenue  is a historic commercial building located at the address of the same name in the Washington Avenue neighborhood of Albany, Albany County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built sometime between June 23, 1813 and 1817 at a prominent intersection known as Robinson&#39;s Point, and is a three-story, load bearing brick wedge-shaped building with the bricks on the exterior laid in a Flemish bond pattern. It sits on an uncoarsed rubble foundation and has a full basement. The building housed a grain and feed storage and sales company until 1941. In 1983 the building underwent major rehabilitations, and is currently occupied by the Preservation League of New York State.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 14, 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Deering Estate Barn was an architecturally significant building in the campus of the University of Maine at Portland, now the University of Southern Maine , in Portland, Maine. Built about 1805  to a design by Alexander Parris, it was remodeled to plans by John Calvin Stevens II when the estate was taken over by Portland Junior College in 1947. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in August 1969, and demolished that same month over the protests of the university community.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Deering (1766-1850) was a prominent Portland businessman, who in 1802 acquired what was then called the Back Cove Farm, a large tract of land at the southern end of Back Cove, a tidal body of water on the west side of the Portland peninsula. Deering retained architect Alexander Parris, then at the start of a long and illustrious career, to design a gentlemans country estate on the property. Parris designed a mansion and carriage barn as part of this work, both of which survived into the mid-20th century. The Deering estate remained largely intact, except for development pressures on its southern extent, until 1879. Deerings heirs in that year sold off a large part of the estate to the city, on which Deering Oaks was established. The remained of the estate was eventually further subdivided, until 1946, when the surviving core (about 6 acre) was sold to Portland Junior College.</p><br>
<p>The mansion house was by then in sufficiently dilapidated condition that it was torn down. It was given a handsome Colonial Revival facade, with tall round-arched windows, and housed a combination gymnasium and assembly hall, along with a snack bar and lounge. The building was used as a social, performance, and athletic venue, hosting events such as campus socials and intramural basketball games.</p><br>
<p>In 1957 Portland Junior College merged with the University of Maine to form the University of Maine in Portland, which later merged with Gorham State Teachers College to form what is now the University of Southern Maine. The university in the 1960s began a series of modernizations of the campus, tearing down World War II surplus buildings and building new facilities. The old barn was deemed an eyesore by the university administration, and was torn down in August 1969 over the protests of preservationists and sit-in campus activists, who were removed by court order to allow the demolition to proceed.</p><br>
<p>The Craig and Virginia Sheaffer House, also known as the John and Marion Keenan House, is a historic residence located in Fort Madison, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Craig Sheaffer served as the president of the Sheaffer Pen Company, which had been established by his father Walter, and as an Under Secretary of Commerce during part of World War II. The house is part of a complex of houses built by the Sheaffer family. The Walter A. Sheaffer House just to the west of this house is also listed on the National Register. The other two houses were built for Craig and Virginia&#39;s sons Walter and John. John and Marion Keenan bought this house from the Sheaffer family. He also served as president of the Sheaffer Pen Company.</p><br>
<p>The Craig and Virginia Sheaffer House is a large Tudor Revival completed in 1929. It was designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Mayo and Mayo. The north and south elevations of the 2½-story house are 138 ft long. It is located on a landscaped property on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River. The landscaping, completed in 1931, is a contributing site in the house&#39;s historic nomination. The exterior is mostly composed of textured brick laid in both patterned and Flemish bond coursing. Some of the gables are faced with limestone while other wall surfaces are composed of a mix of brick and stone. One of the gables and another section of the house feature half-timbering composed of cypress wood and stucco infills.</p><br>
<p>The Walter A. Sheaffer House, also known as the Craig & Margaret Abolt House, is a historic residence located in Fort Madison, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. The listing includes two structures, the main house and the garage cottage.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Walter A. Sheaffer was the inventor of the lever-filled fountain pen, and he founded the Sheaffer Pen Company to produce it. The house is part of a complex of houses built by the Sheaffer family. The Craig and Virginia Sheaffer House (1929), Walters son and daughter-in-law, located just to the east of this house is also listed on the National Register. The Walter Sheaffer House is a 16,000 ft&sup2; structure completed in 1930. It was designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Mayo and Mayo. The other two houses in the complex were built later for Craig and Virginias sons Walter and John.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Walter Scheaffer House is located at the top of a 200 ft bluff overlooking the Mississippi River. The house is a combination of Tudor Revival and Renaissance Revival features that when used together are known as the Jacobean style. The Tudor Revival features of the 2½-story brick house are two stone-parapeted gables, two dormers with half-timbered gable ends, a two-story stone-framed bay window, and a porte cochere with three flattened arches in the Tudor style. The corner and window quoins are from the Renaissance Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The single-story garage cottage served as the living quarters for the Sheaffer&#39;s butler/chauffeur and his wife, who served the family as their cook. The three garage entrances are in an exposed basement. The Tudor Revival structure is also brick laid in a common bond.</p><br>
<p>The Château du Bec-Crespin is a historic castle in Saint-Martin-du-Bec, Seine-Maritime, Upper Normandy, France. It is now a luxury hotel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>An earlier castle stood here in the tenth century.</p><br>
<p>The castle was inherited by Pierre de Brézé from his brother-in-law, Antoine Crespin, in 1454. It was later inherited by Louis de Brézé. In 1579, it was acquired by Nicolas Romé de Fresquiennes.</p><br>
<p>During the Reign of Terror, the castle was used as a prison for Roman Catholic priests. The castle was restored in 1844–48.</p><br>
<p>The castle was rented to Henri Carton de Wiart from 1916 onwards, when he was the Belgian Minister of Justice. Guests included Maurice Barrès, Louis Barthou and René Bazin.</p><br>
<p>The castle is now a luxury hotel.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>It has been listed as an official historical monument since December 22, 1952.</p><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at 36 Larnach Street, Allenstown, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1900. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St Marks Anglican Church at Allenstown, Rockhampton, was erected in 1900. The foundation stone of St Marks was laid by Mrs Dawes, the wife of the first Bishop of the Diocese of Rockhampton (The Right Revd. Nathaniel Dawes), on 14 October 1900. This Church was subsequently completed and able to be used for services for the first time on Sunday, 23 December 1900.</p><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s is also located on Larnach Street, which appears to be a street named in honour of an early (1860s) Rockhampton Anglican churchwarden and member of the Church of England Aid Society - J.A. Larnach.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton suburb of Allenstown was the first suburb south of the Fitzroy River. This place obtained its name through William Allen, a merchant and leading layman of the Primitive Methodist Church. In about 1864, William Allen subdivided land in the Dawson Road area and sold these blocks "to working men for $30 an allotment, allowing them nine months to complete the payments. When one of these men was asked where he lived he is supposed to have replied Allens Town&#39;."</p><br>
<p>Allenstowns St Marks Church is one of two identical buildings, both of which were constructed in 1900 by the Anglican Cathedral Parish to meet the needs of Rockhamptons suburban parishioners. St Marks remains largely in its original configuration, while the other example which was located in Wandal, has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The first Anglican cleric to reach Rockhampton was Queenslands first Anglican Bishop, Bishop Edward Tufnell, in November 1860, though lay ministers held Anglican services in Rockhampton during the late 1850s. Following shortly after Tuffnells visit, The Revd. Thomas Jones arrived at Rockhampton, becoming the popular pioneer Anglican Rector. Jones encouraged his congregation to raise sufficient funds in 1862 to allow construction of a small timber church to be built on what later became the site of the present Cathedral Hall and Offices.</p><br>
<p>Later more funds were raised for a new and larger church with plans drawn up and construction beginning on St Pauls Church in 1872, though this building was not completed and consecrated until 1883. In 1892 the Church of England Diocese of Rockhampton was formed and the St Pauls Church was upgraded becoming the Cathedral Church of Saint Paul the Apostle. The foundation bishop, The Right Revd. Nathaniel Dawes, was formally emplaced on 30 November 1892.</p><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s is the only remaining ecclesiastical building in south Rockhampton which retains the vernacular building style in timber. The interior retains the integrity of the arrangement of furnishings and liturgical accoutrements associated with the influences of the Oxford Movement. The interior of the building has a rood screen across the chancel - one of few remaining examples extant within the Diocese of Rockhampton, and an apsidal sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The emergence of the Oxford Movement and its effect on the practice of the Church of England occurred during the early decades of the 19th century. After the threat of liberalism had receded another challenge arose, with the growth of scientific discovery. In 1833, spurred by John Keble&#39;s Assize Sermon at Oxford, a group of Anglican theologians began to fight against liberalism and the new science. Their crusade became known as the Oxford Movement. They set out to create (or re-create) a Church that was chiefly concerned not with social and political influence but with spirituality and its expression through ritual, as had been the concern of the Catholic Revival. Although the Oxford Movement was largely concerned with doctrinal reform of the Church of England, it also influenced the interior arrangements of churches with the focus on the altar rather than the pulpit. The rood screen is an example of the influence of the Oxford Movement on internal church architecture, often viewed as "an open screen, often richly carved and painted, across the entrance to the chancel of a church, extending from floor level to the underside of the rood-beam."</p><br>
<p>The rood screen extant within St Marks is believed to have been erected in the 1920s. Most other rood screens found in the Rockhampton Anglican Diocese were erected as World War One Memorials, though St Marks does not possess any designated plaque to confirm whether this was the case though it is presumed to be so.</p><br>
<p>Within the Diocese of Rockhampton, apart from the example in St Mark&#39;s in Allenstown, the only other extant examples of rood screens are found in the Anglican churches at Mount Morgan, Jericho and Barcaldine.</p><br>
<p>Internally St Mark&#39;s is largely in original condition, though the sanctuary was altered with cladding in the 1960s. The altar furnishings are 1960s reproductions, and there is also an Icon of Saint Mark which was donated by the Greek Community in the 1950s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church is situated in Larnach Street, Allenstown, and compliments the surrounding local streetscape of timber residences.</p><br>
<p>The building is timber framed and clad with tongue and groove hardwood, parts of which have exposed framing to the exterior, and windows have pointed arch heads. The gabled roof is covered in corrugated iron.</p><br>
<p>The street facade has a projecting baptistery flanked by two porches either side, and there is a small vestry attached to the northern side of the sanctuary at the east end.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building has a rood screen across the chancel and an apsidal sanctuary. St Mark&#39;s also contains a nave, pews and baptismal font all in original form, and there is stained glass in the baptistery.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Marks Anglican Church is important in demonstrating the pattern of suburban evolution in the City of Rockhampton, and the concomitant role of the Church of England in meeting the needs of suburban parishioners - in this case in Allenstown - Rockhamptons first suburb south of the Fitzroy River.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s demonstrates a rare example of internal church decoration by possessing an extant example of a Rood-screen, an aspect of internal church architecture associated with the influences of the Oxford Movement.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>This Church is a fine example of the timber Gothic-style architecture dating from 1900, and is the only timber vernacular ecclesiastical construction extant in Rockhampton on the south side of the Fitzroy River.</p><br>
<p>This church also exhibits particular aesthetic characteristics contributing to the streetscape of Larnach Street, valued not only by the local Allenstown parishioner community, but also the broader community.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>This place has a special association with both the Allenstown and broader Rockhampton Anglican community for both social and spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Marks also has special association with the work and organisation of the Anglican Diocese of Rockhampton and the needs of Rockhamptons suburban parishioners.</p><br>
<p>Isedōtai Site is a late Jōmon period archaeological site in the city of Kitaakita, Akita Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. Discovered during the construction of a highway to nearby Odate–Noshiro Airport, the remains were designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2001 by the Japanese government. The site is located approximately five minutes on foot from on the Akita Nairiku Railway.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The site consists of three large stone circles located on an artificially flattened plateau on the west bank of the Yoneshiro River. The largest circle is between 42 and 45 meters in diameter, and completely encloses a fourth stone circle. The stones, including porphyrite, rhyolite and tuff, were brought from rivers up to five kilometers away, and the site has a moat on its eastern side with a length of more than 100 meters. More than 100 pits have been found, both inside and outside the stone circles, containing terracotta plates and jars, and small clay objects along with hunting and fishing implements and everyday tools. No bones have been found, but soil discoloration indicates that the site was a necropolis and the objects found were ritual or grave-goods. Some 200 clay dogu have also been found on the site, many of which appear to have been intentionally broken. One of the stone circles contains a standing stone which appears to have served as a sun dial.</p><br>
<p>Next to the stone circles, post holes indicate that as many as 37 pit-houses with a width of 3–5 meters and length of 6–7 meters were built on the site, although there is no indication that this was a permanently inhabited settlement.</p><br>
<p>There are no public facilities at site. Many of the artifacts recovered from the site are on display at the Kitaakita city Community Center.</p><br>
<p>The site has been submitted for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the Jōmon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Northern Tōhoku, and other regions</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton Base Hospital is an historic hospital at Canning Street, The Range, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was established in 1867. The hospitals medical superintendents residence  and Therapies Block  were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 November 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Hospital site was established in 1867, and was the second site of a hospital in the city. The extant buildings on the site date from the twentieth century. The parts of the hospital which are considered to be of cultural heritage significance include a former Outpatients Department incorporating a purpose built Kenny Clinic dating from 1938; a former nurses quarters dating from 1929 and a medical superintendents residence constructed in 1936, along with a substantial brick fence on the Canning Street boundary of the hospital.</p><br>
<p>A hospital, named the Port Curtis and Leichhardt District Hospital, was established in Rockhampton in 1858, and in 1867 a decision was made to relocate the hospital to a more elevated site on the Athelstane Range to the south of the town centre. A large two storeyed brick building was constructed on the new site to the design of local architect, John Thomas Thorne. This was extended on the late 1870s and additional buildings were constructed on the site in the 1880s all to the design of another Rockhampton architect, John William Wilson.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Hospital, as it was now named, grew slowly until the introduction of the Hospitals Act (1923) generated a large number of building works on site. The Act brought about many changes to the practice of health care provision in Queensland, resulting in the state government providing more funding to hospitals, bringing about the current system of health care as a responsibility of the state. The Act allowed for the creation of districts, each with a hospital board responsible for fundraising and management issues. Shortfalls in funding were met by state and local governments. The Hospital Board created to oversee the Rockhampton Hospital as a result of the Act, reviewed the entire site, at the time they were appointed. One of the first initiatives of the newly created board and as a result of the Maternity Act (1922) a maternity ward was constructed on the Rockhampton Hospital site in 1928. The Rockhampton maternity ward, which is now demolished, was of a standard plan and form. The next major building work, which was designed by local architects, Hockings and Palmer in 1926, was a nurses&#39; quarters constructed in 1929.</p><br>
<h3>Medical Superintendent's Residence</h3><br>
<p>Hockings and Palmer, the architects of the first nurses&#39; quarters were again employed on the next building project; the construction of a medical superintendents residence on Canning Street. Many medical residences were constructed on Hospital sites during the 1930s when formal schemes were introduced to house medical staff on site. To complement this building, and foreshadowing the design of the Outpatients Department of 1939, a brick fence was constructed along the Canning Street perimeter of the Hospital site. This was considered an integrating element and was dedicated to the memory of George Henry Sandrock, an early hospital benefactor. The elaborate geometrically designed gates have been removed but are stored on site.</p><br>
<h3>Outpatients Department and Sister Kenny Clinic (now Therapies Block)</h3><br>
<p>The next major building constructed at the Rockhampton Hospital was a brick Outpatients&#39; Department and Sister Kenny Clinic, also designed by Hockings and Palmer. The building was officially opened by the Minister for Health and Home Affairs, Mr Ned Hanlon on 25 June 1939.</p><br>
<p>At the opening discussion of the rapid and dramatic increase in the number of outpatients in the five years prior to the construction of the building was given as the reason for it. The Hospital Board had decided that the building would also house a Sister Kenny Clinic for the treatment of poliomyelitis. Two nurses trained in the Kenny method of treatment, came from Brisbane to Rockhampton to provide treatments at the clinic. The cost of the building was estimated at £13,500 of which the government had made a subsidy of £3100 and the balance had been finance by a debenture loan from the State Government Insurance Office.</p><br>
<p>Sister Elizabeth Kenny became a renowned medical figure for her treatment of people with poliomyelitis, an infectious disease causing motor paralysis and permanent deformities. Following an outbreak of the disease in 1931–32, Kenny&#39;s unorthodox methods of treating poliomyelitis were more seriously considered by the medical establishment resulting in the establishment of several clinics throughout Queensland, Australia and internationally. Although the benefits of her methods were never fully endorsed in Australia, the popularity of Sister Kenny and of her treatment was prolific. Previously poliomyelitis was treated with immobilisation, but Sister Kenny advocated mobility in the form of massage, warm baths and constant nursing supervision. Despite controversy surrounding Kenny, her methods were an interesting and controversial development in the treatment of poliomyelitis, spastic paralysis and other long term physical disabilities which were unavailable elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Kenny opened a private clinic in Townsville in 1932 and soon attracted the attention of the government to her endeavours. The Home Secretary, Ned Hanlon, supported her methods and, through the Queensland Government, financed the establishment of Kenny Clinics at Townsville, Rockhampton, Cairns and Brisbane. The popularity of her work expanded and in 1938 the wing of the new outpatients block at the Rockhampton Hospital became the only purpose built Kenny Clinic in Queensland. At the opening Ned Hanlon, defended the governments financial backing of the Kenny method by saying:"the methods were now in operation not only in Queensland, but in Tasmania, New South Wales and in London. In all those centres a great number of cases had been successfully dealt with and... the clinic... would prove a wonderful service to the people of Rockhampton."The Outpatients Department and Sister Kenny Clinic have been converted for use as a therapies block. The building is an important example of the work of architects, Hockings and Palmer and similar to their design for the Rockhampton Town Hall. It was designed, like the nearby residence and fence, from polychrome brick with Art Deco inspired detailing.</p><br>
<p>In the years following the construction of the Outpatients&#39; Department, the idea of a "modern hospital" emerged as a departure from the nineteenth century pavilion planned hospital which endured into the twentieth century. The modern hospital was focussed on cleanliness and efficiency influenced by the new germ theory of disease. These values were achieved within the framework provided by a new, modern architecture and characterised by multi-levelled high rise structures incorporating new building and health technology.</p><br>
<p>As a result of these ideas governing hospital design many new buildings were constructed on the Hospital site. A five storeyed nurses quarters was built from 1950, designed by Brisbane architects, Conrad and Gargett. In 1952 the same firm designed a single storeyed isolation ward and in 1958 they designed a two storeyed animal house. The next major building was constructed in 1959 when Conrad and Gargett designed a four storeyed chest clinic funded by the Australian Government as part of plan to eradicate tuberculosis and other chest related diseases. In 1970 construction of a new multi storeyed surgical block was commenced. In 1986 the remaining nineteenth century buildings and the 1930 Roy Chipps designed nurses quarters were demolished.</p><br>
<p>In about 1997, the therapies block was demolished despite its heritage listing.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Hospital is on a large site elevated on the Athelstane Range, to the south of the Rockhampton town centre. The site is bordered by Canning, North, Cambridge and Quarry Streets. The buildings on which this report focuses are the therapies block and medical superintendents residence both on Canning Street, a fence along the Canning Street boundary of the property and a former nurses quarters, near the Canning Street entrance of the hospital.</p><br>
<h3>Former Outpatients' Department and Sister Kenny Clinic</h3><br>
<p>This is a substantial one storeyed face brick and concrete building situated close to the northern corner of the site and addressing Canning Street. The building has an L-shaped plan and a shallow pitched roof comprises two hipped sections all concealed by a parapet. Forming the northern, Canning Street elevation and the western elevation fronting the entrance drive, is an open brick framed loggia. The loggia comprises a number of square headed openings separated by substantial brick pillars which extend upward and project from the face of the parapet above the loggia. The openings are balustraded with brick panels with rectangular cutouts. The parapet steps up, to form symmetrical Art Deco projections over the principal entrances on the two principal facades and at the corners of the building. These projections feature clustered vertical bands of shaped brickwork. The facades of the building are lined with variously coloured brick bands and detailing surrounding windows and on the parapet projections.</p><br>
<h3>1936 Medical Superintendent's Residence</h3><br>
<p>This building was designed by the architects of the former Outpatients Department and Sister Kenny&#39;s Clinic and is similar in material and detail. It is a one storeyed dark cavity brick and concrete building with a multi-hipped roof clad with corrugated iron. The house is sited facing Canning Street and this elevation of the building is dominated by a large, hipped roof porch, supported on brick piers surmounted by double timber columns. The porch is balustraded with vertical timber battening at the height of the brick piers. The interior contains three bedrooms, a bathroom, a lounge, kitchen and dining room. Accommodation for a laundry is under the house. The building is very intact, although the kitchen and bathroom have been refurbished. Two conifers are on either side of the Canning Street entrance.</p><br>
<h3>Fence along Canning Street</h3><br>
<p>Along the Canning Street boundary of the site is a substantial brick fence, which visually integrates the brick buildings along this side of the hospital. The fence steps down the length of the boundary and at each break features brick piers decorated with strapwork caps. Along the top of the fence is a line of rectangular cutouts, similar to those on the balustrades of the former Outpatients Department and Sister Kenny Clinic.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Therapies Block and Medical Superintendents Residence of the Rockhampton Hospital were listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 November 1997 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Hospital demonstrates the growth of Rockhampton and its prominence as a large regional centre. The former Sister Kenny Clinic is important for its demonstration of the development of medical history, particularly concerning the treatment of poliomyelitis.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The building is rare as the only purpose built Kenny Clinic constructed in Queensland, although many others opened in converted buildings.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>This building, which is substantially intact, has the potential to yield further information about Kenny&#39;s methods of treatment.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The former Sister Kenny Clinic, medical residence of 1936 and fence along Canning Street are good and characteristic examples of the work of Rockhampton architects, Hockings and Palmer and designed in a manner similar to their most prominent Rockhampton building, the Town Hall. In particular the former Outpatients&#39; Department and Sister Kenny Clinic is particularly prominent as a well designed corner building.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The buildings at the hospital have considerable architectural merit, as well composed and complementary structures with significant landmark qualities and are important elements of this streetscape. The former nurses&#39; quarters, also designed by Hockings and Palmer, is a well designed functional building adapted to the tropical climate of Rockhampton with much attention paid to ventilation.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The hospital site has importance for its associations with Sister Kenny and as the principal place of public health care in Rockhampton for about 130 years.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The site is important for its associations with local architects, Hockings and Palmer.</p><br>
<p>Yungaba is a heritage-listed villa at 74 Ward Street, The Range, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. The design is attributed to James Flint and it was built from 1890 to 1950s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 March 2000. Although originally constructed as a private residence, it was known as "Yungaba Migrant Hostel" during its use as a migrant hostel in the 1950s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Yungaba was constructed in 1890 as a private residence for John Fergusons daughter Catherine Jane Ferguson and her husband, solicitor, Charles Sydney Jones (co-founder of Rees Jones Solicitors), one of the oldest surviving legal practices in Queensland today. The house was named "Killin" after Fergusons parish in Scotland but was popularly known by locals as "McRich" which may be loosely interpreted as "son of rich man".</p><br>
<p>John Ferguson arrived in Rockhampton during the 1860s and quickly established himself as a builder and contractor. In 1884, he purchased a large share in the Mount Morgan mine, becoming very wealthy when the public company was floated. He was a prominent political figure in Rockhampton and later a Senator in the first Australian federal parliament.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by architect James Flint. In 1887, Flint had opened a practice in Rockhampton which was booming as a result of the Mount Morgan Mine. His most notable works are the mansion, "Kenmore House", he designed for John Ferguson (1893–94) and the Criterion Hotel (1888–89). Both works are claimed to be the most florid examples of Victorian Architecture in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>In 1896, Charles Sydney Jones died and the house was left to his wife Catherine. It is not clear if she remained living in the house as there are reports that Dr John Cani, the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Rockhampton occupied the house in 1895. The property was most definitely purchased in 1898 by Dr Canis successor Rev. Dr Joseph Higgins. During Higgins ownership, architects Eaton and Bates were commissioned to design alterations and additions to the residence. The exact extent of works is not clearly understood but it is likely that included the roof top promenade deck and chapel constructed at the north east corner of the house. George Thomas Eaton and Albert Edmund Bates opened their practice in Rockhampton in 1894 having both previously worked for John Kirkpatrick in Sydney. Their practice flourished and branches were opened in Mount Morgan, Longreach, Clermont, Townsville and Rockhampton before moving their main office to Brisbane in 1902. Commissions from the Catholic church constituted a large portion of their work.</p><br>
<p>Higgins was transferred to Ballarat and the property was purchased by the Duncan sisters in 1909 and then by grazier Robert Donaldson in 1919. In 1925 the residence was purchased by notable Rockhampton solicitor Hugh Grant. It is reported that the promenade deck resounded with music and laughter whenever young people gathered for private dances which were part of the social life of the times. Grant subdivided the original 2 acre 32 perch site into four parcels of land. This new configuration comprised three 32 perch sites along Ward Street, numbered lots 2, 3 and 4 and the remainder of the original land parcel on which "Killin" was located numbered Lot 1. The larger allotment was configured to allow independent access to Ward Street.</p><br>
<p>The promenade deck and rear chapel may have been removed from the house during Hugh Grant&#39;s occupation. It is thought that the promenade deck was removed as it had deteriorated significantly while the chapel was removed and relocated into town where it was adapted to a private residence.</p><br>
<p>During World War II the house was commandeered from Grant by the United States Army as General Robert L. Eichelbergers headquarters. From this location Eichelberger coordinated the American army contingent stationed in Rockhampton. During the armys occupation a number of minor sanitary plumbing fixtures were introduced into some of the rooms. These plumbing installations were photographically documented by the US Army. A photo of the whole house taken at the time clearly shows the promenade deck removed, thus supporting reports of its removal during Hugh Grants ownership.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Government purchased the house in 1949 for offices. With the war over, Australia again needed large numbers of migrants to fuel the economic development of the country. As part of this initiative the Queensland government decided to adapt "Killin" as a hostel for sponsored migrants. Not since the 1860s had Rockhampton received migrants as part of a government initiative.</p><br>
<p>As an immigration hostel the original house was substantially altered. Alterations and additions included the construction of male and female bathroom facilities in the north west corner of the house; expansion of the bedrooms onto the existing verandahs; possible construction of the central clerestorey roof where the promenade deck once sat; possible removal of the entry gable roof and two way stair; and construction of an ancillary dormitory wing to the west of the house. These extensions are no longer in place today.</p><br>
<p>The adaptation of Killin to a migrant hostel also included a name change to Yungaba. As part of the push for post war immigration, the state government sought to improve the cold and impersonal image of the state immigration depot at Kangaroo Point, Brisbane. Premier Ned Hanlon requested the building be given a new name of Aboriginal origin meaning welcome or resting place. Experts advised that no such translation existed and as such an alternative was selected from a Maryborough dialect. The Brisbane immigration depot was officially renamed "Yungaba" (an aboriginal word meaning "land of the sun"). "Killin" was also renamed "Yungaba&quot it is assumed that the renaming was at Hanlon&#39;s request.</p><br>
<p>The functions of Yungaba in Rockhampton were to:</p><br>
<p>receive and investigate all nominations</p><br>
<p>to attend to reception on arriva</p><br>
<p>to provide temporary accommodation for migrants whose destination is to distant parts</p><br>
<p>to attend to problems of welfare and after-care</p><br>
<p>It is unconfirmed when "Yungaba" formally closed as an immigration hostel. However it is reported that the building lay vacant during much of the 1960s. During the 1970s the Queensland Government Department of Family Services occupied the house. The house was occupied by Families Youth and Community Care who use the building for administrative and interview purposes, followed by Disability Services Queensland until around 2007. Apart from the adaptive works undertaken in the initial postwar period, the government had made few alterations to the building fabric of the house. It was privately purchased in 2009 by Rockhampton residents and it is currently a beautifully restored family home. Meticulous historical research and careful planning has brought Yungaba as close to its former majesty as possible.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Yungaba Migrant Hostel is a fine intact example of a late nineteenth century grand house. It is located at 74 Ward Street, on the Athelstane Range, Rockhampton on a site which falls from the rear of the property at the north, toward the southern Ward Street frontage. The house is centrally located at the rear of the property with an ancillary building positioned beside it on the western boundary. A number of significant trees located along the Ward street frontage obscure a complete view of the house beyond.</p><br>
<p>Also located along the Ward Street frontage is a privately owned single storey dwelling sited on the remaining 32 perch parcel of land subdivided from the original two acre 32 perch site.</p><br>
<p>A bitumen driveway enters the site on the western side of the property and rises up to the main southern entry of the house before slowly turning back down the slope to exit on the opposing side of the site. The driveway also continues around the house to form a ring road and there is a small car parking area located on the north east side of the house.</p><br>
<p>A line of palm trees follows the driveway from the street entry up to the main entrance. A concrete entry stair complete with decorative sides, base piers and associated flower pots creates a grand entry from the driveway to the entry terrace before ascending the timber and lace-worked gable (2012) onto the verandah.</p><br>
<p>Yungaba itself is a single storey residence of timber construction. Elevated slightly above ground level the house is clad in a combination of timber weatherboards and chamferboards and has an impressive roof line which builds symmetrically from the verandah through the body of the house to a large central clerestorey roof which was formerly the promenade deck. Decorated chimneys are positioned in three corners of the roof effectively framing the clerestorey roof as one moves around the house.</p><br>
<p>Verandahs surround the southern, eastern and western elevations of the house, however the verandah to the northern rear of the house has been enclosed to expand the kitchen, dining and amenities areas. The verandah has timber posts and handrails with decorative cast iron balustrade infill panels. Timber lattice panels are set above the handrail level on both the eastern and western elevations.</p><br>
<p>The centrally located front door is framed between two bay windows, whose roof forms are echoed in the main roof form. Internally the short entry hall leads to a central two storeyed open space naturally lit by the clerestorey roof above. The internal room structure of the main part of the house is symmetrical about this central room. Beginning with the two main rooms which flank the entry hall a series of three rooms sit either side of the central great room. On both the east and west elevations all of the rooms were extended onto the verandah area in the 1950s but have now been once again removed and the verandah underneath is displayed. Beyond the central great room the rear northern portion of the house consists of a living and dining room, extended kitchen in its original position and amenities area.</p><br>
<p>Internally the timber floors were predominately covered with carpet with the exception of the amenities areas. This was removed in 2010 and the original hoop-pine timber floors were polished and restored. The walls and ceilings are clad with timber tongue and groove boards and the timber joinery to door and window architraves is well crafted. The entry hall and central room have a timber panelled dado and a dressed timber arch announces the entry from the hall to the central room of the house. Ornate carved timber and tile surround fireplaces are located in one of the main rooms at the entry, the dining room and a secondary room on the eastern side of the house.</p><br>
<p>During the immigration period the house was substantially extended. These alterations were easily distinguished from the original fabric and form of the house by the use of different materials including asbestos cement and masonite wall sheeting. The asbestos was completely removed after the residence was purchased in 2009. Additional timber windows, doors and associated joinery added in the immigration period were very simplistic and understated. The added rooms opening along the eastern and western elevations were all extended onto the verandah and as such the width of the verandahs along these sides was reduced substantially. The added rooms on the eastern side of the house have been removed and the verandah restored.</p><br>
<p>At the rear of the house a timber framed water tank stand complete with galvanised iron tank has been enclosed with timber weatherboards to create what was once a shower room. This enclosure has a simple galvanised iron skillion roof integrated into the tank stand structure.</p><br>
<p>The two storey ancillary building constructed to the south west of the house is set on concrete stumps. The ring road passes between the ancillary building and the main house. The building is a simple timber framed and weatherboard clad structure with a galvanised iron hip roof. A verandah is located on the north east side of the building and access is gained by a timber ramp. Internally, the building is broken up into a series of training rooms and bathroom facilities, all of which are accessed from the verandah. This building was restored after it was purchased and now serves as an extension of the main residence. The interior walls and ceilings are lined with hardboard with timber cover strips and the timber floors are a polished hardwood.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Yungaba Migrant Hostel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 March 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Yungaba Migrant Hostel is important in demonstrating the evolution of Queenslands history, reflecting the Federal Governments post war initiatives to increase immigration in order to fuel the economy. In particular the renaming of the house from "Killin" to "Yungaba" illustrates the Queensland State Government&#39;s intentions to improve the image of migration centres in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Yungaba Migrant Hostel demonstrates the principal characteristics of a grand house. Designed for the sub-tropical Queensland climate, it is a fine example of a substantial timber residence on the Athelstane Range, Rockhampton. Overlooking the town, the Range area was sought after by the affluent families of Rockhampton from the late nineteenth century onwards.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Yungaba Migrant Hostel is as a well crafted and composed piece of residential architecture and is aesthetically significant.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>As a primary place of reception, temporary accommodation and guidance, Yungaba Migrant Hostel is important for its special association with sponsored migrants arriving in Rockhampton during the post war period.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Yungaba Migrant Hostel is important for its special association with the Ferguson family in Rockhampton and the architects James Flint, the originally designer and George T. Eaton and Albert E. Bates who designed the alterations and additions to the house.</p><br>
<p>Killowen is a heritage-listed detached house at 86 Ward Street, The Range, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Eaton & Bates and built from to. It is also known as Boland Residence. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Killowen, a substantial, decorative, highest timber and corrugated iron residence, is believed to have been designed by architects Eaton and Bates, and constructed for Robert Cecil Boland in. Killowen remained in the Boland family for many years, until the mid-1980s. RC Boland, a solicitor who came to Rockhampton in 1894 as a partner in the legal firm Rees R & Sydney Jones, reputedly named the house in honour of Baron Russell of Killowen (1832-1900), Lord Chief Justice of England, whom he admired.</p><br>
<p>Killowen is situated on The Range, west of the commercial centre of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>Very early in its history, Rockhampton showed class consciousness in advertisements for housing: there were two kinds, cottages and "gentlemens residences". The cottages were usually in older streets close to the business centre, while more often than not, the address of a gentlemans residence was The Range. This abbreviation is still used for Athelstane Range on the western side of the city, a name derived from Mount Athelstane which was the home of William H Wiseman, Crown Lands Commissioner for the Leichhardt District, who built the first gentlemans residence in Rockhampton in c.1859. The now demolished slab and shingle house had an adjoining stone storage building which is still extant (Wisemans Cottage).</p><br>
<p>Many prominent Rockhampton citizens built their homes on The Range, particularly in the vicinity of Ward and Agnes Streets. Allotments were sought for their panoramic views over the city and the lagoons to the west and for the cooling breezes they afforded. Building contractor and politician John Ferguson MLA built two impressive residences: Kenmore House (c.1894, now the Mater Misericordiae Hospital) and Killin constructed for his daughter, Catherine (1890, later the Yungaba Migrant Hostel), Other notable houses include the McDonald familys Clancholla (circa.1922) and the Rudd residence (c.1923). Bolands home, Killowen, typifies the villa residences constructed on The Range in the late 1880s and 1890s.</p><br>
<p>The 2 acres 32 perches (8,903m) of land at the corner of Ward and Agnes Streets on which Killowen was constructed was originally part of a 24.28 hectare (60 acres) portion alienated from the Crown in 1859 by William John Brown, the Sub-collector of Taxes at Rockhampton. In the 1860s, Brown sold this property in three 20 acre allotments, the later Killowen site being included in the 20 acres transferred to Rockhampton solicitor Thomas Bellas. Subdivision of this land commenced after 1867. Boland acquired title to the Killowen site of 2 acres 32 perches in July 1898, the allotment being reduced in size to 1 rood 15.9 perches (5,461m) in 1900.</p><br>
<p>Originally Killowen was sited approximately thirty metres back from the Ward Street fence. This allowed for an entry avenue of palm trees and extensive gardens.</p><br>
<p>For nearly nine decades Killowen was the home of the Boland family. Robert Cecil Boland, born on 16 August 1867, was named after his Darling Downs birthplace, Cecil Plains. His early education was at Toowoomba Grammar School. Boland passed his final law exams in 1890 and that same year commenced as the Brisbane-based solicitor of the Rockhampton legal practice, Rees R & Sydney Jones. Rees Rutland Jones had arrived in Rockhampton in 1864, establishing a practice as one of six solicitors in a town with a population of approximately 3,500. The firm Rees R & Sydney Jones, established c.1886, became one of Central Queensland&#39;s most prominent legal firms.</p><br>
<p>Boland moved to Rockhampton in 1894 when he was accepted as a partner in Rees R & Sydney Jones. In he had Killowen constructed and two years later married Louisa Penelope McLeod of Clermont. They had two children, Russell Lazare born in 1901 and Cecil Clive born in 1903. In 1905 Boland placed Killowen in his wife&#39;s name.</p><br>
<p>The architectural firm of Eaton and Bates is thought to have designed Killowen. This partnership of George Thomas Eaton and Albert Edmund Bates, later with Arthur Beckford Polin, set up practice in Rockhampton c.1894. The firm established branch offices in six regional Queensland towns before moving their main office to Brisbane in 1902. Among their buildings in the Rockhampton area are the Lakes Creek Hotel, constructed in 1895 and Schotia Place (the former Rockhampton Markets) which opened in 1899.</p><br>
<p>Some of the best examples of the use of light timber battening with more substantial turned or sawn timber components, as in Killowen, are found in coastal Queensland towns such as Rockhampton. This detailing is characteristic of many Queensland houses, particularly those in northern latitudes. The use of lattice to separate the private from public areas of the house was functional as well as decorative. Its light construction not only provided comfortable shade and allowed the free movement of cooling breezes, it lifted the heaviness of the all-timber posts, balustrades, brackets and valances.</p><br>
<p>This residence is believed to have commenced as a four-room house with central hallway and verandahs. Renovations, reputedly undertaken in the early 1920s, enlarged the house and its verandah space. Louisa Boland went on an extended overseas trip in 1925-26, which provides some basis for the c.1920s date for the renovations. Two semi-detached and gable-roofed rooms at the rear may have been constructed at that time. Verandahs surrounding the four square plan typical of early Queensland houses were often narrow and not very functional. The introduction of wider verandahs accommodated more activities by providing de facto living space. It is not known which architectural firm undertook the c.1920s renovations at Killowen.</p><br>
<p>(Cecil) Clive Boland followed his father into the legal profession. Educated at Rockhampton Grammar School, he served his articles with Rees R & Sydney Jones and was admitted as a solicitor in June 1927. His father died four months later. The Morning Bulletin of 5 November 1927 described the funeral cortege as it moved away from Killowen as one of the largest and most representative seen in Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>From 1928 Clive Boland took a leading role in Rees R & Sydney Jones. He served in the CMF and the Second AMF during the Second World War and afterwards concentrated on commercial work for local industrial firms, including Mount Morgan Ltd, the Central Queensland Meat Export Co. Ltd and Central Queensland Salt Ltd. Clive Boland continued to reside at Killowen during this time.</p><br>
<p>Louisa Boland died in 1949, following which title to Killowen was transferred to Clive, who married Lucy Eyrie Rule in 1954. In 1954, following Clive&#39;s marriage to Lucy Rule, Mr and Mrs Russell Boland, who had also been living in the house at the time, moved out. Lucy Boland recalls that her husband made changes to the rear of the house prior to their marriage. The couple resided at Killowen. Clive Boland was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1974 and died in May 1984.</p><br>
<p>As well at the contribution the Boland family made to the legal profession in Central Queensland, they were prominent members of the community. The men of the family had a long and active association with horse racing in Central Queensland. The Boland Administration Building at Callaghan Park Racecourse, Rockhampton, is named in honour of Robert Cecil, Russell Lazare and Cecil Clive Boland, who between them served as members of the Rockhampton Jockey Club Committee from 1895 to 1973. By the time Killowen was completed in c.1898, RC Boland was Chairman of the Rockhampton Jockey Club.</p><br>
<p>Killowen remained the property of the Boland family until the mid-1980s. In 1985 new owners subdivided the land further. At this time the house was moved on the site, closer to the eastern boundary. It is also at this time that servants quarters, at the rear of the property separate from the house, are thought to have been removed.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Killowen today is set on 1,386 m at the corner of Agnes and Ward Streets on The Range, west of central Rockhampton, one of the city&#39;s premier residential districts. The residence is single storey where it faces Ward Street with the sub-floor infilled at the rear. Constructed of timber with a corrugated iron roof, the high-set residence has been renovated at least twice, reportedly in the early 1920s and following subdivision and a relocation of the house closer to the Ward/Agnes Street corner.</p><br>
<p>The roofline is a complex of gables, hips and stepped verandahs, all clad in corrugated iron. Above the core of the original section of the building is a pyramid roof with a central metal ventilator. A brick chimney projects from a hipped section of roof to the north of the core pyramid. Two hip-roofed rooms are attached to the north-east and north-west corners of the building.</p><br>
<p>Killowen features verandahs on three sides: east, south (facing Ward Street), and west (facing Agnes Street). The front verandah faces Ward Street. At its south-east and south-west corners are octagonal verandah extensions. The distinct balustrade motif used accentuates the verandahs and their extensions. A similar motif, referred to in the 18th Century as "Chinese railing", was incorporated into the entrance hall and balustrade of a house constructed in 1884 at Brighton, Victoria, for Dr Henry OHara. A less complex pattern was used on the John Mills residence in the Brisbane suburb of Yeronga (-15).</p><br>
<p>Central to the south verandah is the main staircase of approximately 2.2 metres width. This staircase is constructed of timber, including timber risers. At its base is a concrete pad impressed with the name Killowen. At the top of this staircase is a portico that extends 0.8 metres outside the line of the verandah and is supported by two stop-chamfered posts on each side. The portico features a projected flying gable incorporating frontispiece with timber fretwork, a design that is repeated in other projecting gables. The ceiling of the portico is VJ tongue & groove.</p><br>
<p>French doors from bedrooms and sitting rooms open onto the 2.8 metre wide eastern verandah which is enclosed by panels of wide horizontal and vertical slats and diagonal timber lattice. A horizontal lattice panel separates and secures this verandah from the southern or front verandah.</p><br>
<p>Symmetrical octagonal verandah extensions or pavilions are positioned at either end of the southern verandah. Each has a diameter of approximately 2.6 metres. Their roofs are supported at each angle turn by double stop-chamfered verandah posts. Below the floor level of these extensions the walls are weatherboard to ground level. The walls below floor level elsewhere are a combination of weatherboard and horizontal timber lattice. The southern verandah is approximately 3.3 metres wide.</p><br>
<p>The front entrance to the residence consists of a dark-stained timber door with sidelights of coloured, textured glass. This door is not as ornate as that facing Agnes Street. Projecting approximately one metre into the verandah from the corner of each front bedroom room are rectangular bays from which French doors open to the verandah. Narrow, vertical windows with top panels of pastel-coloured glass form part of the short sides of these rectangular bay projections. The same glass colours (orange, lilac, green and blue) are featured here and in other sections of the house.</p><br>
<p>The second staircase for the residence provides entry to the western (Agnes Street) verandah. This staircase is constructed using pairs of short, capped posts which support capped timber stringers with no balustrade. Entry to this 3.3 metre wide verandah is through a recessed set of timber lattice doors. This verandah also features horizontal slats approximately 15 cm wide and diagonal lattice. Above the three panels of lattice are elongated horizontal window frames enclosing small panes of coloured glass.</p><br>
<p>Entry into internal rooms can be made at four points along this verandah. The primary entry is through French doors between sidelights. The upper panels here feature leadlight in a simple Art Nouveau design. This pattern is also repeated in at least one internal door and fanlight inside the house. Both the east and west verandahs reduce in width towards the south verandah before opening out into the octagonal corner extensions. All three verandahs have VJ tongue & groove ceilings. Verandah wall framing is external and diagonally braced.</p><br>
<p>At the rear of the building are two semi-detached, gable-roofed weatherboard rooms. Each room has windows on two sides, protected by skillion-roofed, horizontally latticed sunhoods. The north-facing awning on the Agnes Street side also features a fretwork bracket. The end of each room has a flying gable with vertical infill in front of notched weatherboards.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The front door of the residence opens into a central north-south hallway from which rooms open east and west. Hallway walls are faced with horizontal tongue & groove while VJ tongue and groove is used elsewhere. Ventilating panels above doors are glazed, either clear or with a simple art nouveau design. Bedroom ceilings are VJ tongue & groove. Architrave corners are decorated with a circular moulding set into a square.</p><br>
<p>Directly to the north of the western bedroom is the only room in the house with a fireplace. This room features dark-stained timber and art nouveau glass panels in sidelight, fanlight and French doors. Immediately to the north of the eastern bedroom is a room which is lined to picture rail height with wallpaper of a striped floral pattern. Above this is plastered. In an interview in June 2004, Mrs Russell Boland recalled that a room referred to as the "blue room" was redecorated during her time in the house (1942-1953) and was the only room in the house that had wallpaper. The wallpaper in this room would date from that timeframe.</p><br>
<p>The ceiling in this room features a central rectangular plaster panel with flower and ribbon motifs. The wall between this room and the eastern verandah is heavily glazed with textured glass framed by dark-stained timber.</p><br>
<p>At the rear (north) of the house are dining and kitchen areas as well as a new sunroom and bedroom. A new doorway provides egress between the semi-detached room on the north-eastern corner of the house and the new sunroom. A new staircase with return allows entry to the under-house section at the rear of the house. An external door allows exit into the rear garden.</p><br>
<p>Single skin walls between verandahs and internal rooms are predominantly horizontal tongue and groove. Internal walls feature VJ tongue & groove. The ceiling height is approximately 3.6 metres.</p><br>
<h3>Gardens</h3><br>
<p>The gardens of Killowen today echo the layout which existed prior to relocation of the building. Two large Cuban Royal palms (Roystonea regia) are located between the front gate and the main entry staircase. An octagonal aviary is placed in the same relative position on the Agnes Street side of the residence as one shown in an earlier, undated photograph. The timber and chain wire fence has been re-constructed, including the indentation into the allotment for the front entry gate, also of chain wire. At the rear of the house a railway carriage has been located in the garden&#39; s north-eastern corner.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Killowen was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Killowen is historically significant because it provides evidence of the evolution of residential development in Rockhampton during periods of economic boom.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>This substantial timber residence displays an abundant use of verandahs as part of the living space, alongside traditional and formal interior rooms.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Constructed late in the 19th century, Killowen is important because of its aesthetic significance, as well as for the contribution it makes to the residential streetscape of The Range.</p><br>
<p>Goshono Site is a Middle Jōmon period archaeological site in the town of Ichinohe, Iwate Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. Discovered during the construction of an industrial park in 1989, the area was designated a National Historic Site in 1993 by the Japanese government.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The Goshono site is a large scale residential settlement from the Middle Jōmon Period, approximately 2500 BC to 2000 BC. The site is located on a river terrace on the east bank of the Mabechi River, on raised ground at an altitude of approximately 190 meters. There are over 800 pit dwellings extending over 75,000 m² and the site has only partially been excavated.</p><br>
<p>The settlement contains two or three groups of pit-house dwellings, located to the east and west of a central ceremonial area containing a necropolis and ritual buildings. Nearby earthen mounds have yielded burned animal bones, seeds, pottery fragments and stone tools.</p><br>
<p>The eastern settlement contains more than 250 pit-dwellings of various sizes and a number of grave pits. The central settlement has two stone circles surrounding grave pits, encircled by what appear to be post holes to create a colonnade and to support ritual buildings. The southern portion of this area is raised earthen work, within which a large amount of pottery, stone tools, and burnt bone and plant remnants. The number of structures is also estimated to be between 200 and 250. The western area is largely unexcavated, but appears to be a residential area with between 70-100 dwellings.</p><br>
<p>The site contains a museum and reconstructions of some pit-dwellings and other structures.</p><br>
<p>The museum building, which was designed after the mud-roofed buildings of the site, has won various awards such as the 2003 Good Design Award, and has a glass floor, under which a burnt-down pit dwelling from 4000 years ago is displayed.</p><br>
<p>The site is one of several submitted for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the Jōmon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Northern Tōhoku, and other regions</p><br>
<p>Chicken Island is an island located in the southeast of Dianbai district, Maoming, Guangdong province, China. Its original name is Fenzhou  island and Wanzhou  island. The distance from Chicken Island to continent is 8 nautical miles. The area of Chicken Island is 1.9 square kilometers and it is the biggest island in Maoming. The height of the highest point in Chicken island is 122 miles and the visibility of the sea area around it is between 6 and 12 miles. The climate of Chicken island is subtropical climate..</p><br>
<p>Accessed 03.11.2015</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chicken island was located in the sea silk road. Over thousands year, many ships had a rest here. Chicken island has the traces of the communication between ancient china and western countries.</p><br>
<p>Besides the witness of history, a famous people had ever came to Chicken Island. Li Deyu, a politician in Tang dynasty, left a stone tablet here when he had suffered a demotion in 848. He used the stone tablet to record the climbing in Chicken island and his demotion.(2009).</p><br>
<p>Accessed 25.11.2015</p><br>
<p>In 2004, Chen mingzhe(陈明哲) bought the right of using Chicken Island within fifty years. He spent 4.3 billion yuan to develop this island.(2009).</p><br>
<p>Accessed 25.11.2015 Chicken Island has become the AAAA degree scenic spot in China.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of the name</h2><br>
<p>There are mainly two origins of the name which can be divided into history and myth reason.</p><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>One origin is about Li Deyu. He was an officer in Tang dynasty. After demoted by the court, he kept travelling and had been Chicken island. After his visit, people built a temple for him and exalted him as spirit. When ships went by, sailors would go to the temple and worship his spirit by releasing a chicken.</p><br>
<h3>Myth</h3><br>
<p>There are two myths about the origin of the name. Here is the first one. Long time ago, local sailors who needed to be navigated would put a chicken in this island and blessed for safety. Gradually, the name of the island became Chicken Island. In Chinese, Chicken island means the island is used to releasing chickens.</p><br>
<p>Here is the second story about the origin of this name. In the old time, sailor who came through this island, the wave was too huge that many boats had been destroyed. One day, there is a Buddhist looked at a boat team which was coming back and the boats were getting through the Wanzhou(湾舟) island. The Buddhist discovered that the billows looked like centipedes which were attacking the boats. Wanzhou(湾舟) island looked like a chicken. Therefore, he had an idea to solve the problem. He told sailors to build a temple in Wanzhou(湾舟) island and release some chickens there. These behaviors mean that they were using chicken to overcome the centipedes. After that, the sailors felt it makes sense and they kept doing it. Because releasing chicken means accumulate virtue in Chinese Buddhism. After that, the sea around Wanzhou(湾舟) island become quiet and peace. Sailors had got full tank of fishes and they felt it works. Therefore, whenever sailor go to work, they would release a chicken in Wanzhou(湾舟) island to accumulate virtue for safety. Gradually, people called it Chicken island.(2014).</p><br>
<p>Accessed 04.11.2015</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Chicken Island was an uninhabited island. In June 2004, Chen mingzhe(陈明哲), a Taiwanese attained fifty years use right of Chicken Island. After two years, they built up a wharf which depth is between 30 and 40 miles and width is 5 miles, a road which length is 9 kilometers which surrounds the island and completed the water system, hydro system and network system. He also develop Chicken Island to a tourist attraction. The table above is the tourist economy of Chicken island in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Tourist Attractions</h2><br>
<h3>The queen of heaven</h3><br>
<p>The queen of heaven is located in the middle northern of Chicken island. The main building is a Chinese temple and it was built in February, 2013.(2014).</p><br>
<p>Accessed 18.11.2015 In this attraction, it contains (Huangji Palace), Nine Dragon Pool, Mercy room, Shun dhi pavilion, Nine-Dragon Wall, Mazu (goddess) culture wall, Bell Tower and vice versa. These are architectural attractions. Standing on square in this attraction, people can see all of the constructions. The queen of heaven is in the top of the attraction.</p><br>
<h3>Chicken scenery</h3><br>
<p>The second name for Chicken scenery is Chicken head scene.</p><br>
<h3>Wishing tree</h3><br>
<p>Wishing tree is located in the west of Chicken island. In this attraction, a banyan which is over one hundred years old has many roots on the rock wall. Wish cards hanging on the tree branches. In front of the banyan, a statue placed here. The statue has a myth. Long time ago, a fisher hit by storm and swam back to Chicken island. He saw Ji Gong reclining under the tree. Instead of answering the fisher&#39;s request, Jigong waved his hand fan and disappeared. When the fisher awoke, he found his ship was full of fishes and he saw Ji Gong sculptor is under the tree. After that, people hang wish cards on the tree and pray to Jigong.</p><br>
<h3>Gold beach</h3><br>
<p>Gold beach is a scenic area with beach and amusements which is surrounded by blue sea. Gold beach is located in northeastern Chicken island. The infrastructure here includes beach bars, beach stages, and a food street near the coastline. These entertainments open at night. Along with the coastline, there is a pavilion to view the sea and sunset.</p><br>
<h3>Wild pineapple park</h3><br>
<p>This is a theme park that contains many wild pineapple trees and some statues. The location of this park is the south of Chicken island. There are lots of wild pineapple trees which are over hundreds year old. The academic name of these trees is Pandanus tectorius. Besides wild pineapple trees, the park has the statues of Nanhai Guanyin, Nanhai turtle, Jin Chan and Paul the Octopus and some pavilions that related to these statues. Standing in the pavilion, people could see the sea rock topography, sea trough, and sea caves. Wild pineapple park is a proper place to watch sunset and go fishing in Chicken island.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The transportation to reach chicken island is ship or speedboat. People need to take ship at the Bohe(博贺) dock which is located in Dianbai district. The ship from Bohe(博贺) dock can reach Chicken island dock.</p><br>
<p>Inside the island, bike and electric truck are the allowed transportation.</p><br>
<p>Middle Yandang Mountains or Zhong Yandang Shan ") refers, in the broad sense, to a coastal mountain range in southeastern Zhejiang province in eastern China, which is close to Yandang Mountains, and both of them are parts of Yandang Ridge. It is said that people found that there was a lake in the top of the mountain, which was covered with reeds. And lots of wild goose lived there. Therefore, it is called "Yandang". It is historically called "the Best Mountain in Southeastern China". Comparing to Yandang Mountains, it seems like a religious interest rather than a geographic interest, which does not mean that Yandang Mountains are much better than Middle Yandang Mountains when it comes to natural landscape, but the latter is unique because of the religion. With cool climate and convenient traffic, as well as palatable sea food, it has been affirmed as one of the best ten summer resort in Zhejiang Province. It is said a Taoist priest, who believed Taoism came here and built a temple.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of Yandang Mountains is quite long. The time when human first went here and built their house could be traced back to Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, when it comes to Middle Yandang Mountain, it was Song Dynasty when the Li Shao-he(Chinese: 李少和) first came here and built a Taoism Temple. Then more and more people came here because of the fame of Li Shao-he and religious ethos.</p><br>
<p>In modern China, to facilitate the growth of local economy, both local government and indigenous people want to build a scenic spot base on Middle Yandang Mountains. However, the condition of government fiance was not good, which means if people want to construct the scenic spot, they need pay the fare of project. Finally, villagers raised money by themselves and built the scenic spot.</p><br>
<p>The entrance tickets of scenery spot are free for local people. Usually lots of local schools organize a spring excursion here every year.</p><br>
<h2>Poetry</h2><br>
<p>In Ancient China, there is a traditional habit of lots of poets that when coming to a place with beautiful landscape, they would like to write or sing poetry. They depicts the landscape and express their aspirations and feelings by it. In Middle Yandang Mountains, lots of poets left their opus, like Xie Lingyun and Wang Shi-peng.</p><br>
<h3>Xie Ling-yun(Chinese: 谢灵运)</h3><br>
<p>In 422 A.C, Xie was sent to Yongjia County as prefecture chief. One day, he came to the root of Middle Yandang Mountains and inspected the farms. At that time, he was attracted by the landscape and wrote, “The far embankment lies thouands of miles, the long spit of land like river flows millions of miles.”(Chinese: 千里带长堤，万里泻长汀。)Because of the fame of Xie, Middle Yandang Mountains became more and more well-known.</p><br>
<h3>Wang Shi-peng(Chinese: 王十朋)</h3><br>
<p>Wang was one of the Zhuangyuan in Southern Song Dynasty(1127–1279), whose homeland was Yueqing, a city now lies at the root of Middle Yandang Mountains. He wrote, "The lakes and mountains like green lies here, and the two streams flows like the sound of Chinese Zither." (Chinese: 十里湖山翠黛横，两溪寒玉斗琮琤)</p><br>
<h3>Others</h3><br>
<p>Except Xie and Wang, there were still some poets writing poems for specific mountains or lakes. Poet lived in Tang Dynasty(618–907) called (Chinese: 张又新) sang a poetry for Yu-zhen Peak that "The Lake in front of the Yu-zhen Peak with spring is here, there is clean dust on the road aside."(Chinese: 白石岩前湖水春，湖边旧径有清尘) Another poet in Qing Dynasty called Lin Qi-heng(Chinese: 林启亨) wrote, "The peak rises steeply from the ground just like a post, the length of it seems to break through the sky"(Chinese: 拔地一峰真似柱，巉岩百丈欲撑天), which depicted the appearance of Bai-zhang Peak. At the East Waterside, there is a rock similar to a woman who is waiting for her husband called Mrs. Rock. A poet in Ming Dynasty(1368–1644) named (Chinese: 高友玑) wrote, "Standing alone and gazing into the border of sky, there are only rocks near myself."(Chinese: 亭亭独立望天津，四畔无家石相邻)</p><br>
<h2>Speciality Crop</h2><br>
<p>Indigo, a plant used to dye clothing, which could make the cloth blue. It has been regarded as an ingredient of dye for a long time. In Encourage Learning, an article of Xunzi, indigo was mentioned as a metaphor that students will be better than teachers.(Chinese: 青出于蓝而胜于蓝) In 1940-1956, the output of indigo continued to increase. However, after that time, with the importation of foreign dye, the production of indigo has been decreased. Nowadays, there are only a few people planting indigo.</p><br>
<p>Indigo also can be used as an ingredient of medicine, especially its root. In 2003, when SARS was spreading widely in China, the root of indigo has been made as a medicine called Isatis(Chinese: 板蓝根)</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>There are seven scenery spots in Middle Yandang Mountains, including Yu-zhen Peak, Three Lakes, West Waterside, East Waterside, Phoenix Mountain, Yang-ba Hole and Liu-Gong Valley.</p><br>
<h3>Yu-zhen Peak</h3><br>
<p>Yu-zhen Peak is the main peak of the scenery spots and regarded as the totem of Middle Yandang Mountains. It seems that Yu-zhen Peak is quite high although the absolute elevation is just approximately 568 m. At the top of the mountain, there is a Taoism Temple there, which is built by chin-shih Li Shao-he. The main part of the mountain is rock and the Taoism Temple lies here, local people also call it Taoist Priest Rock. Thanks to wide rock walls, artists and litterateurs created their work here so that there are lots of lithographs.</p><br>
<p>Except the main temple, there is also a cave called Yu-hong Cave, which lies the middle of the peak, including a group of Taoism constructions. According to the book Treasure Trove of Heaven in Song Dynasty, it was regarded as the Twenty-first cave of the country. In Ming Dynasty, a Buddhist monk came here and modified the Taoism Temple to a Buddhism Temple, which called Yu Ping Zen Temple. Therefore, both Taoism and Buddhism had been here. However, in March, 2014, the temples got fired and constructions built in Qing Dynasty was lost.</p><br>
<h3>Three Lakes</h3><br>
<p>Three Lakes consist of Bai-shi Lake, Zhong-qian Lake and Long-shan Lake, which are all man-made lakes and built in 1950s-1960s. Bai-shi Lake was built in 1958, which was mainly used to prevent flooding and irrigation, but also generate electricity and supply water. The reservoir has a storage capacity of about 11.97 million cubic meters. After the completion of Bai-shi Lake, Zhong-Dian Lake began to be built and its storage capacity is 23.5 million cubic meters. Lakes here provide visitors with services like fishing, sightseeing, as well as going boating. Therefore, it becomes a part of Middle yandang Mountains Scenery Spots. It is said that the Chinese television drama (Chinese: 琅琊榜) found views here at the first episode.</p><br>
<h3>West Waterside</h3><br>
<p>West Waterside is a valley with an approximately 200 meters&#39; river and the bottom of river is flat and yellow, which is similar to the appearance of Chinese Dragon. Thus, it is called Dragon Street(Chinese: 龙街). In this area, Bai-zhang Peak(Chinese: 百丈峰), Jade Screen Peak(Chinese: 玉屏峰), Rock Door(Chinese: 石门) and Rock Door Waterfall(Chinese: 石门瀑) become the main elements of the scenery spot. Bai-zhang Peak is a peak like a post which highs about 200 meters, and next to it is Jade Screen Peak(Chinese: 玉屏峰), which is similar to the Chinese folding screen.</p><br>
<h3>East Waterside</h3><br>
<p>East Waterside is also a valley which lasts 3.5 kilometers long. According to County Annals of Yue Qing, it is said that at the southeast of Yu-zhen Peak, there is a place called East Waterside, including a river called East Dragon Street(Chinese: 东龙街), six ponds where Mei-yu Pond(Chinese: 梅雨潭), Hong-jing Pond(Chinese: 渹井潭) and Zhong Pond(Chinese: 钟潭) are the most famous, three peaks called Stele Peak(Chinese: 石碑峰), Rosy Clouds Peak(Chinese: 彩霞峰) and Mrs Rock Peak(Chinese: 石夫人峰), and a waterfall called Mei-yu Waterfall(Chinese: 梅雨瀑). A Chinese writer called Zhu Ziqing(Chinese: 朱自清) has traveled here and left an article named Green about Mei-yu Pond.</p><br>
<h3>Phoenix Mountain</h3><br>
<p>Phoenix Mountain is a mountain with approximately 500 meters, which lies on the periphery of the Bai-shi town and faces to Yu-zhen Peak. People regard it as the reflection of Yu-zhen Peak. There are tens of peaks here, including Hawk-mouth Peak(Chinese: 鹰嘴岩), Chuan-bi Peak(Chinese: 穿鼻岩), Ban-zhang(Chinese: 板障岩) and so on.</p><br>
<h3>Yang-ba Hole</h3><br>
<p>Yang-ba Hole(Chinese: 杨八洞) is a place built with Taoism style and was seen as the Nineteenth Cave of the country according to Taoism Book named Yun Ji Qi Qian(Chinese: 云笈七签). There are eight caves here, including Bao-guang(Chinese: 宝光), Guan-yin(Chinese: 观音), Tou-tian(Chinese: 透天), Tou-hai(Chinese: 透海), Long-gun(Chinese: 龙滚), Ba-xian(Chinese: 八仙), Hun-yuan(Chinese: 混元), Yu-chan(Chinese: 玉蟾). Guan-yin is a symbol of Buddhism while others are all important images of Taoism Culture.</p><br>
<h3>Liu-gong Valley</h3><br>
<p>Liu-gong Valley also lies on the periphery of Middle Yandang Mountains. In 1132, the county magistrate of Yue Qing County organized workers to dig a canal and build the dykes and dams, which solved the flood and protect the benefits of citizens. To memorize him, people call the valley Liu-gong Vally.</p><br>
<p>Here are more photos about Middle Yandang Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Theopetra cave is located in Thessaly, Greece, on the north-east side of a limestone rock formation, 3 km south of Kalambaka. The site has become increasingly important as human presence is attributed to all periods of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic, the Mesolithic, Neolithic periods and beyond, bridging the Pleistocene with the Holocene.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The formation of the limestone rock has been dated to the Upper Cretaceous period, 135 – 65 million years BP. The excavations began in 1987 under the direction of N. Kyparissi-Apostolika, which were meant to give some answers to the mystery of Paleolithic Thessaly. Radiocarbon evidence shows for human presence at least 50,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>Theopetra Cave contains one of the longest archaeological sequences in Greece, comprising Middle and Upper Palaeolithic as well as Mesolithic and Neolithic cultural remains. The records has shown important palaeoenvironmental data based on sedimentary features and botanical remains.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeogenetics</h2><br>
<p>In 2016, researchers successfully extracted the DNA from the tibia of two individuals buried in Theopetra Cave. Both individuals were found in a Mesolithic burial context and separately dated to 7288-6771 BCE and 7605-7529 BCE. Both individuals were found to belong to mtDNA Haplogroup K1c.</p><br>
<p>Bartlett House, a historic railroad hotel, restored in 2016 to house a kitchen, bakery, and cafe. It was built about 1870, and is a three-story, five bay by five bay, square, Italianate style brick building on a raised basement. It features a full width front porch at the primary story and decorative cornice. The name BARTLETT HOUSE appears in white lettering between the second and third stories.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bartlett House was built in 1870 by Ebenezer Bartlett and served as a hotel for railroad travelers. In the mid-1900s, the hotel was the subject of photographs by Walker Evans. The photos were displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The Bartlett House continued to operate as a railroad hotel for the New York and Harlem and Hudson and Boston Railroads until about 1948. After the rail line was abandoned, the hotel fell into many years of disuse.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the Bartlet House was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, the Barlett House was renovated and is now open to the public as café and bakery.</p><br>
<p>Copake Memorial Clock, also known as the Copake Clock, is a historic freestanding clock located at Copake, Columbia County, New York. It was erected in 1944 as a memorial to those lost in World War II, and is a four sided pedestal-type, memorial chime clock. The metal object consisting of a base, plinth, and column topped by a copper and glass clock was manufactured by the O. C. McClintock Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The death of Steven McIntyre in action in Italy during World War II inspired his uncle, Ed McIntyre, and Albert C. Bristol to spearhead a drive to create a memorial clock for all those from Copake who served in wartime. The cost of the clock — $2,600 —was a large sum at the time, especially considering world events of the day. The date of the original dedication was Oct. 29, 1944, while the USA was still at war.</p><br>
<p>In addition to Copake residents who served in World Wars I and II, the monument also contains plaques listing those who served in Korea and Vietnam.</p><br>
<p>The clock was rededicated in June 2011 after a complete restoration. The community raised $42,000, to replace the works and the chime unit, rebuild the entire clock body and pedestal, and restore the stained glass.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Putney Village Historic District encompasses most of the main village and town center of Putney, Vermont. Settled in the 1760s, the village saw its major growth in the late 18th and early 19th century, and includes a cohesive collection with Federal and Greek Revival buildings, with a more modest number of important later additions, including the Italianate town hall. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Putney was chartered by New Hampshire colonial governor Benning Wentworth in 1753, but significant settlement did not begin until after French and Indian War ended in 1760.</p><br>
<p>The town arose in a large plain on the west side of the Connecticut River, above the mouth of Sacketts Brook. A falls on the brook provided water power for early mills, and it is around that point that the main village was formed. Because the town did not have abundant sources of water power, it was largely bypassed by the Industrial Revolution of the mid-19th century, and remained largely rural in character. The village&#39;s character is defined by the Federal and Greek Revival styles popular during its most significant period of growth, the late 18th to mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>The historic district covers most of the present-day village of Putney. The spine of the district is United States Route 5, Kimball Hill, and Westminster West Road, roughly from Sand Hill Road in the north to the Interstate 91 interchange to the south. It includes a number of buildings on adjacent side roads, including all of Old Depot Road (a spur road terminated near the highway), and a portion of Old Route 5. Most of the residences in the district are Greek Revival in style, although there are a fair number of earlier Federal period buildings, as well as a handful of later ones, including a few vernacular Queen Anne houses. There are two churches (Methodist and Congregationalist), both Greek Revival buildings dating to the 1840s. Not surviving is an 1841 chapel of a Christian perfection movement, which was an active religious force here; its adherents later founded the Oneida Community in Upstate New York; the building burned in 1970. The town hall, the village&#39;s main municipal civic structure, is an Italianate hall built in 1871, and the large Colonial Revival Central School was added in 1906.</p><br>
<p>The John Wesley and Grace Shafer Warrick house, also known as the John W. Warrick Sr. house, is a house in the southern part of the city of Meadow Grove, in the northeastern part of the state of Nebraska, in the Midwestern United States. The house was built in the Queen Anne style in 1903 by a prominent Meadow Grove businessman, who made some additions and alterations in the 1920s. The builder, and subsequently his descendants, continuously occupied it into at least the late 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The house is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as a well-preserved example of the turn-of-the-century Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Meadow Grove established</h3><br>
<p>Among the first white settlers in the area that became Meadow Grove were brothers Perry Vanado Lewis and Van Buren Lewis, who arrived in the area in 1868. In 1872, Van Buren Lewis claimed a quarter-section of land (160 acres, or 160 acre) under the 1862 Homestead Act. Perry Lewis built a dugout on an adjoining quarter-section and, in 1874, planted a grove of cottonwoods and claimed the land under the provisions of the Timber Culture Act.</p><br>
<p>In 1879, the Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad extended its tracks up the Elkhorn Valley by some 60 mi, from Wisner to Oakdale, crossing the northern part of Madison County. In 1883, Perry Lewis built a gristmill on Buffalo Creek; later that year, his son-in-law Joseph Beech built a grocery store by the gristmill, and a post office named "Gimlet" was established there. The mill attracted farmers from a wide area, and became a social as well as a commercial center.</p><br>
<p>Believing that the developing settlement needed a better location, Perry Lewis launched the town of Meadow Grove on his timber claim, platting it in 1886–87 and offering free lots to persons who would start new businesses. The store building was moved from the Gimlet site to the new town.</p><br>
<h3>John W. Warrick</h3><br>
<p>Among the first businesses in Meadow Grove was the Hale Warehouse Company, which dealt in grain and general merchandise. The owner, Virginia native Felix J. Hale, also owned a 400 acre cattle-feeding farm north of the town. In 1887, Hale offered John Wesley Warrick $100 a month to come to Meadow Grove and manage his operations.</p><br>
<p>Warrick was born in Elk Creek, Virginia, in 1858. He attended school in Elk Creek until 1878, then taught there for a year. He subsequently worked in the mercantile business, as well as serving for five years as postmaster. In 1887, he accepted Hale&#39;s offer and moved to Meadow Grove. Three years later, he married Grace Shafer, whose parents had moved from Ohio to Iowa before settling in the Meadow Grove area in 1872.</p><br>
<p>Warrick remained with Hale until 1894. In 1895, he established his own grain, lumber, and coal business. Initially, the business had no grain elevator or direct access to the railroad, and grain operations were handled through a "shovel house": grain was brought to the storage facility in wagons, shoveled into it by hand, then hand-shoveled out of storage into wagons for transport to waiting railroad cars. In 1898, Warrick built a modern elevator, with a capacity of 20,000 bushels (20,000 USbu).</p><br>
<p>Warrick prospered and became one of Meadow Groves most prominent citizens. He sat on the citys school board for over 20 years; served for two decades as Sunday-school superintendent at the local Methodist church; and, when the local Security Bank failed and was reorganized in 1928, he was chosen as one of the directors. In 1931, he brought his son, John Warrick Jr., into his business, renaming it "Warrick and Son".</p><br>
<p>John Warrick died in 1950; Grace Warrick, in 1951. The family business continued under the operation of John Warrick Jr., and subsequently of his sons John Warrick III and Robert Warrick.</p><br>
<h2>Warrick house</h2><br>
<p>In 1903, John and Grace Warrick built a house on a four-acre (about one-and-a-half hectares) lot at the southern edge of Meadow Grove. The two-story house was built in the Queen Anne style, at a cost of about $4,000. A carriage barn, architecturally similar to the house, was built to the southwest of the house at about the same time.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, the house was raised and a finished basement constructed beneath it. A large porch was added, enclosing the entire first-floor front of the building.</p><br>
<p>In 1928, John Warrick Jr. used $5,000 given him by his father to build a house on the property just south of the senior Warricks. Various Warrick descendants continued to occupy the property as of 1990: Robert Warrick in the main house, John Warrick Jr.&#39;s widow in the house to the south, and John Warrick III next to the carriage barn.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, the 1903 Warrick house was listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as an "excellent" and well-preserved example of the early-20th-century Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<h3>Description</h3><br>
<p>The Warrick property is on the west side of Fourth Street. A line of four brick piers, installed in the 1920s and formerly connected by hedges, runs along Fourth.</p><br>
<p>The house is set in the midst of conifers and deciduous trees, including some that John Warrick Sr. planted at the time of the house&#39;s construction in 1903. A brick-and-wood pergola, built on the south side of the house in the 1920s, is no longer extant; nor is a goldfish pond north of the house.</p><br>
<p>The 19-room house faces eastward. It stands 2 1/2 stories tall, atop a red-brick foundation installed as a finished basement in the 1920s. For the first two decades of its existence, the house&#39;s front featured a porch that curved onto the south side, supported by classical columns. This porch was extended and enclosed in the 1920s, and a balcony with a railing of spindlework supports constructed atop it.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the rear (west) entrance of the house led through an enclosed porch. In 1988, a greenhouse was added there.</p><br>
<p>The north and south sides of the building feature large two-story bay windows. There is a second-floor bay window above the enclosed front porch on the east side. The cross-gabled roof is steeply pitched and wood-shingled. The front (east) and south gables are supported by classical columns.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house was finished in a variety of woods. Floors are solid oak throughout. On the first floor are bookshelves, a trestle table, and a writing desk made of walnut taken from trees planted in the yard. As of 1990, many of the original interior furnishings and detailings remained.</p><br>
<p>A concrete curbed driveway runs westward from Fourth Street to the carriage barn southwest of the house. Built in about 1903, the barn was later converted to a garage. Its architectural style complements that of the house. The steeply-pitched cross-gabled roof is topped with a square cupola; there are windows in the lower gable ends.</p><br>
<p>The McDonald–Wait–Newton House is a historic house at 1406 Cantrell Road in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a mansard roof providing a full third story. The main facade is five bays wide, with a projecting central section topped by a mansarded tower. The roof is pierced by dormers with segmented-arch tops, and windows framed by decorative hoods. The main entrance is set in the base of the tower, with an elliptical stained glass light above. A porch shelters the entrance and wraps around to the right side, with a modillioned cornice and bracketed posts. Built in 1869, it is the last surviving post-Civil War mansion built along what became known as "Carpetbaggers&#39; Row", as it is where a number of Northerners settled when moving to the city.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Kenmore House is a heritage-listed mansion at 31 Ward Street, The Range, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. The design is attributed to James Flint and it was built from onwards. It is also known as Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Pinehurst and The Mansion. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kenmore House is a two storeyed brick building erected as a residence for John Ferguson on the Athelstane Range overlooking Rockhampton. Its design is attributed to Rockhampton architect, James Flint.</p><br>
<p>Ferguson arrived in Rockhampton during the 1860s and quickly established himself as a builder and contractor. In 1884, he purchased a large share in the Mount Morgan mine, becoming very wealthy when the public company was floated. In 1888, he retired from building. Ferguson served on the Rockhampton Municipal Council from 1878-1890, becoming Mayor in 1880-81 and 1882-83. From 1881-88 he was the local Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, and from 1894-1906 he was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council. In 1901, he was elected a Senator in the first Australian federal parliament.</p><br>
<p>"Honest John" Ferguson (as he was known) was also the President of the Central Queensland Separation League, founded in 1890. Kenmore, which reputedly cost £15,000, was according to traditions intended as a future government house for the new state. After meeting with British officials in London in 1892 as a delegate of the Separation League, Ferguson reputedly ordered monogrammed china and gold plate for the future official residence. Known locally as the "Mansion", the house was set in ten acres of land laid out with ornamental trees and gardens including rose trellises, hedges, and pergolas, Norfolk pines, a tamarind tree, and mango trees. The house contained a ballroom tiled with locally quarried black and white marble and a reception hall on the first floor. In 1894 it was described as one of the finest homes in Queensland with few equals in any of the colonies of Australia. At this time the house may have been named Pinehurst, although by 1896 it was known as Kenmore, the name of Ferguson&#39;s birthplace in Scotland. In 1894, after the death of architect Flint, tenders were called by Eaton and Bates for the erection of two sets of grand entrance gates.</p><br>
<p>From, Fergusons brother-in-law, David Wiley, and his family resided at the house. After the death of Ferguson in 1906, the house was sold to pastoralist Stuart McDonald, whose family lived there until 1915, when it was sold to the Sisters of Mercy for £4,500 for use as a hospital. The sale included Kenmore House together with the three and a half acres in which it stood including the whole of the gardens and tennis court. A lower paddock was retained by the McDonalds and a house later erected on that site. On 14 November, the Mater Misericordiae Hospital was officially opened.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, a new maternity wing designed by Donoghue and Fulton was erected on the eastern side of Kenmore. After the opening in 1959 of a new convent and chapel, the upper rooms of Kenmore were converted into wards and nursing accommodation. After the opening of a new building in 1985, Kenmore became the administrative core of the hospital and a radiography and outpatients unit was established there. The upper floor houses a number of retired nuns and the Sisters&#39; heritage centre.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Kenmore House, located on a northeast sloping site on the Athelstane Range, is a two-storeyed residence and administration centre built of Flemish Bond brickwork with rendered detailing and a hipped corrugated iron roof. The asymmetrically massed building shows Classical influences in its design, including a Corinthian columned portico on the north with a tower above, large cornice, arcaded loggias, quoining, pilasters, projecting bays, bracketed eaves and rendered balustrade.</p><br>
<p>The arcaded loggias have been enclosed on both floors with partition walls and windows set back from the arches. The single-storeyed former hospital reception area is attached as a lean-to on the northeast with a brick hydraulic lift shaft standing proud of the building&#39;s facade and a glass walkway linked to the first floor. A planted courtyard surrounds the eastern bay with the former ambulance bay at the southeast. A two-storeyed brick medical centre is attached via a covered ramp to the west of the building.</p><br>
<p>A single-storeyed steel framed laundry shed is attached to the rear of the building to the south. A two-storeyed masonry kitchen wing can be seen at the rear of the building, with a two-storeyed toilet block attached on the east side and a laundry and accommodation addition to the west.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the north entrance leads into a large, columned central hall containing a carved cedar staircase with a twin return and a large stained glass window, ornate plaster ceilings, marble floors with decorative tiled borders and converted gas lanterns. The front and rear entries feature an arched fanlight and sidelights of etched glass, with panelled doors to principal rooms featuring carved cedar pediments and architraves. Principal rooms have been subdivided into offices, but retain fireplace surrounds and joinery. Most rooms have false ceilings and air conditioning has been installed. The rear of the building has been altered, with a large laundry area being created within the original kitchen wing and later additions.</p><br>
<p>The first floor contains the Sisters&#39; living quarters with bedrooms and a museum in the main house, and bathrooms, bedrooms and a communal room above the kitchen and laundry at the rear. The two-storeyed timber, former canteen building is linked to this level at the southwest via an enclosed verandah above a rear service entrance.</p><br>
<p>The north grounds, bounded by the recent hospital extensions to the northeast and the two-storeyed brick medical centre to the west, include a large Tamarind Tree to the northwest surrounded by bitumen carpark. The original banded, rendered brick entrance gate posts with wrought iron gates and balustrade, stand at the northwest corner of the site. Two large pine trees are located to the rear of the gates.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Kenmore House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Kenmore House, erected, is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queenslands history, in particular the development of Rockhampton and Central Queensland, particularly after the establishment of the Mount Morgan Mine. It is also significant for its association with the longstanding role of the Sisters of Mercy and their Mater Misericordiae Hospitals in the states health system.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a late 19th century villa residence.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It exhibits a range of aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, in particular the asymmetrical massing of the buildings classical elements; the contribution of building and grounds to the streetscape of Ward Street and to the Rockhampton townscape; and the quality of the buildings interior, including the timber joinery, plasterwork, and floor finishes.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It has a special association with the community of the Sisters of Mercy and the Mater Misericordiae Hospital since 1915, and with Rockhampton as a historic landmark for the city and district.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has a special association with the life and work of people of importance in Queensland&#39;s history, in particular John Ferguson, builder, businessman, politician and separationist; Rockhampton architect James Flint; and the Sisters of Mercy.</p><br>
<p>Clancholla is a heritage-listed villa at 25 Ward Street, The Range, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 12 January 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Clancholla is a single storey, timber house constructed by 1922 in Ward Street, The Range, for Stuart MacDonald and family. The Athelstane Range area, overlooking Rockhampton, was much sought after by many of Rockhampton&#39;s affluent families as a location in which to construct their prominent residences.</p><br>
<p>Clancholla was owned by descendents of Peter Fitzallan MacDonald (1830-1919). MacDonald arrived in Rockhampton 1858 after being attracted by the Canoona gold rush. He found riches in pastoral land instead and established important social and economic connections in the surrounding districts. After his initial exploration and pastoral pioneering phase, MacDonald and his wife came to Yaamba in 1861, which became his headquarters and the family home on the Fitzroy River. MacDonald used pastoral exploration and speculation in runs to assist in financing his permanent stations, Fernlees at Springsure, and Columbra on the Mackenzie River. These two stations were to remain in the MacDonald family well into the 20th century. Like his father PF MacDonald, Stuart MacDonald was also a pastoralist, running "Highland Plains", at Capella.</p><br>
<p>By the 1890s the majority of Rockhamptons houses, from gentlemens residences to the more humble workers cottages, were built of timber on high wooden stumps. This evolution in local housing to accommodate the region&#39;s tropical climatic conditions included verandahs as an integral part of all older Rockhampton houses. Many of these houses also had wooden lattice panels to filter the bright sunlight, as well as to ensure a degree of privacy.</p><br>
<p>From the 1890s to the time of World War Two, most Rockhampton houses also possessed spacious living areas with dining and sitting rooms, separated by open archways that were often bordered with intricate fretwork designs produced by local skilled craftsmen. In this period very few houses built had open fireplaces and chimneys, although Clancholla exhibits a centrally placed chimney.</p><br>
<p>The construction of prominent residences, particularly in the Athelstane Range area, reflected the wealth and status of prominent pastoral families, reflected in the construction of prominent residences highlighting elevated social status and economic success. Prominent pastoral families often maintained a town residence, and this is the case with the MacDonald family. Many South Sea Islanders, predominantly from Joskeleigh (Sand Hills) worked for the MacDonald&#39;s as domestics, both in town and at "Highland Plains". South Sea Islanders, Doris Leo, Mabel Yow Yeh, Rose Warcon, Ruth Parter, Laurel Parter and Sibble Youse were all employed at some time from the 1940s. When the family came to Rockhampton to Clancholla, the South Sea Islander domestics were usually asked to return with them to town.</p><br>
<p>In 1906, Stuart MacDonald purchased Kenmore House, in Ward Street, following the death of its owner, John Ferguson. Built for Ferguson in, Kenmore has been described as the grandest mansion ever to be built in Rockhampton. The MacDonald&#39;s owned Kenmore for some years but considered it to be too large for use as a private home and sold it in 1915 to the Sisters of Mercy. The Sisters of Mercy later established the Mater Misericordiae Hospital in the building.</p><br>
<p>The sale of Kenmore to the Sisters of Mercy comprised three and a half acres in which the residence stood, including the whole of the gardens and the tennis court. A lower paddock was retained by the MacDonald family on which Clancholla was constructed by.</p><br>
<p>Integral to the significance of Clancholla is its remnant garden elements. Characteristic of the Queen Anne architectural style are picturesque gardens, reflecting the garden suburb concept. The garden at Clancholla was a significant aesthetic feature of the property.</p><br>
<p>A description of it was included in an article, Rockhamptons Attractive Gardens No.13, in the Evening News on 16 March 1939. In the article the MacDonalds garden was described as being "planted for permanency", with beds composed of trees, shrubs, and climbers, and perennial varieties of flowers including geraniums, gerberas, and salvias. The choice of vegetation was described as a wise one as the MacDonalds permanent home was at "Highland Plains" at Capella. The MacDonalds visited Rockhampton periodically and the garden was not always under their "immediate supervision".</p><br>
<p>The lay out of the garden was described as formal, with symmetrical round or square beds and broad drives between. Also described was the (still extant) centre piece of oval lawn directly opposite the front entrance, around which on one side swept a wide path back to the entrance gate, and on the other through an archway of Thomasi and Lateritia Bougainvilleas. Fruit trees at the rear of the grounds included mangoes, custard apples, and persimmons.</p><br>
<p>Clancholla remains in the ownership of the MacDonald family.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Clancholla is a single storey timber residence with a terracotta tiled roof, set on timber stumps surrounded by timber lattice work. Set amongst mature gardens, including pines, figs and jacarandas along the Ward Street side and to the rear of the house, with other plantings along western boundary, Clancholla addresses a circular driveway with large, centrally featured palms. The driveway sweeps around to the large timber garage at the rear of the property. Mature figs and mango trees are located at the rear of the property.</p><br>
<p>Clancholla is roughly L-shaped in plan with a projecting entrance porch perpendicular to the street and wide verandahs. The roof gables have decorative timber bargeboards and terracotta finial details.</p><br>
<p>A panelled, timber entrance door, with stained glass and leadlight fanlight and breezeway assembly, leads to the entrance foyer. The foyer opens to the large open living area. In this area the vertically joined timber walls are stained up to picture rail height and above this, the timber panelled ceiling is painted white. Windows, both casement and sash, with stained glass and leadlight details are located throughout the length of the space. An open, squared archway leads to the dining room. The archway comprises paired, timber columns with moulded capitals supporting a moulded architrave.</p><br>
<p>On the southern and eastern sides of the house, several paired timber doors with stained glass and leadlight details open to the verandah. On the southern side, the verandah is enclosed with timber framed casement windows, while the eastern side is enclosed with timber louvres. The sloping verandah ceiling is lined with horizontally joined timber.</p><br>
<p>Three rooms with timber panelled ceilings are located on the western side of the house. In each room, French doors open out to the verandah on both the southern and northern sides, which, like the eastern side, are enclosed with timber louvres, while the ceiling is lined with horizontally joined timber.</p><br>
<p>At the western end of the verandah, French doors open to a large bedroom with a timber framed bay window (casements). The room, similarly to the open living and dining room, has a timber panelled ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The kitchen, located in the north-eastern section of the house, has vertically joined timber walls with a horizontally joined timber ceiling. The kitchen opens to the open, north-eastern end of the verandah. The eastern end of this section of the verandah is enclosed, with remnant ripple iron lining the walls, to accommodate bathroom facilities.</p><br>
<p>A laundry, with extant copper enclosed in brick with a brick chimney, is located in the eastern side of the house.</p><br>
<p>A tennis court is located to the west of the house and a double timber garage with gabled roof is located in the south-west corner of the property.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Clancholla was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 12 January 2003 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The wealth and status of pastoral families was often highlighted in the construction of prominent residences in sought after areas in town, highlighting elevated social status and economic success.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Clancholla is significant in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of place in its adaptation in the Queensland timber house. With its asymmetrical massing and ensemble of various roof shapes; Marseilles pattern terracotta roof tiles; prominent gable facing Ward Street; prominent timber gable screen and terracotta gable accessories and wide veranda with timber posts and brackets; as well as its remnant formal garden elements, including circular driveway with a formal garden arrangement, Clancholla is a fine example of a domestic building constructed with elements of the Queen Anne architectural style. In its extant form Clancholla exhibits a sophisticated refinement to Queenslands timber housing tradition and remains one of Rockhamptons distinctive homes.</p><br>
<p>Internally, Clancholla is highly intact with stained timber interiors with decorative mouldings; stained glass and leadlight windows and marble fireplace.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Clancholla is significant for its strong aesthetic characteristics, particularly for its contribution to the residential streetscape of the Athelstane Range, an area noted for its many prominent residences including Killin (later the Yungaba Migrant Hostel), Kenmore House (now the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Killowen and the Rudd Residence.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Clancholla is significant for its association with the MacDonald family, a prominent Central Queensland pastoral family, descended from PF MacDonald who first arrived in the Rockhampton area in 1858. Clancholla is still in the ownership of the MacDonald family.</p><br>
<p>Wiseman&#39;s Cottage is a heritage-listed storehouse at 30 Nathan Street, The Range, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to. It is also known as Mount Athelstane. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wisemans Cottage was constructed in 1859 as part of Henry Wisemans residence which overlooked the Yeppen Yeppen Lagoon on the outskirts of Rockhampton. The stone structure was built as a storage section for the timber home of 16 rooms and is the only remaining part of the original residence. Credited as the oldest surviving structure in Rockhampton the cottage is significant for its association with Henry Wiseman, the Land Commissioner who was responsible for officially siting and naming the township of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton was proclaimed a township and port of entry in October 1858 after Henry Wiseman the Land Commissioner for the Leichhardt District was requested to find a suitable site on the Fitzroy River for a township. Wiseman agreed with Charles Archer (the original settler of Rockhampton who established a property at Gracemere Homestead in 1855) that as the bar of rocks across the river had already fixed the head of navigation on the Fitzroy, this was the natural site for a township. After suggesting the names of Charleston and Palmerston for the new town in honour of two early settlers who declined the offer of the namesake, Wiseman named the town after the principal characteristic of the locality, the rocks in the river. Wiseman first referred to the name of "Rockhampton" in 1856.</p><br>
<p>In 1857 Wiseman decided to establish his own property in Rockhampton on a site at the southern end of the range overlooking the river flats in one direction and in the other, Yeppen Yeppen Lagoon. The erection of a basic structure consisting of several rooms was most likely completed by the end of 1857. The large 16-room slab house containing the stone "cottage" was not erected until 1859. In February 1859 Colin Archer noted in his journal that Wiseman was completing and furnishing his house "in capital style, but will find the expense very considerable... It is a nice situation and could be made a first rate residence if &pound;5,000 were expended on it".</p><br>
<p>The main house was built of slabs cut from the surrounding bush and had a shingled roof. Wiseman named the house Mount Athelstane which gave its name to the Athelstane Range, where the house was situated. The "Range", as it is referred to, became an area of affluent settlement in the following decades, for which Mount Athelstane set a precedent.</p><br>
<p>The stone room was constructed as a storage room from stone gathered on the property. The stone is supposed to have a faint date, 1859, scratched into the surface. A large underground tank also of stone provided the water supply.</p><br>
<p>The property was transferred to John McFarlane in 1874 and then to the Royal Bank of Queensland in 1889 who subdivided and sold off the original acreage. In February 1902 the property was transferred to Dorinda Curtis wife of George Silas Curtis MLA, one of the leading advocates for the separation of Central Queensland in Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The timber house was demolished in the 1950s during the ownership of Henry Phillips, after which the present residence was built. However, the stone "cottage" was retained and later used as a gift shop by the Parks who purchased the property in 1973. The Parks were the founding members of the National Trust in Rockhampton. It was during this time that two doors were cut into the structure. The property was bought by the present owners in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Wiseman&#39;s Cottage is a single-storeyed stone structure with a hipped corrugated iron roof located fronting Lavarack Street to the west. The building is located at the rear of a high-set timber residence which overlooks Yeppen Yeppen Lagoon to the distant Mount Morgan Range to the south.</p><br>
<p>The building consists of a single room, with a masonry chimney stack at the northern end and a verandah on the western side. The building has masonry quoining with random rubble stone infill over which narrow ridges of lime mortar have been applied to give the appearance of pointing to coursed ashlar. The southern wall is cement rendered, and patches of render have been applied to various parts of the structure. The northern end has a masonry infill section, possibly in place of an original fireplace.</p><br>
<p>The western verandah has a stone paved floor, with timber posts supporting a skillion awning. A centrally positioned multi-paned French door with battered reveals and external timber shutters opens onto the verandah. A multi-paned casement window with external timber shutters is positioned above the French door and opens above the awning level. A plaque commemorating the construction of the building is hung on the southern end of the western wall, and the name Wisemans Cottage&#39; is located centrally hung from the verandah top- plate.</p><br>
<p>The eastern elevation has a similar French door and casement window arrangement, with a covered walkway connecting the building to the adjacent residence.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building has a raked ceiling lined with compressed sheeting, and rendered walls with the northern internal gable being unrendered stone.</p><br>
<p>An underground water tank is located to the northeast of the building. Established gardens surround the building, and a number of mature trees are located at the northern end of the site. A low rubble stone wall forms a base for the perimeter timber fence to the property.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Wiseman&#39;s Cottage was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Wisemans Cottage, a remnant of Henry Wisemans Mount Athelstane, is one of the oldest surviving structures within the boundaries of Rockhampton and as such demonstrates the beginning of residential development in the city.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1859, Wiseman&#39;s Cottage is a rare structure in Rockhampton, providing evidence of the original settlement in the area.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The structure is aesthetically important due to its scale, form, and construction of rough-cut stone, and together with the surrounding plantings the building makes a subtle contribution to the local streetscape. The colour and texture of its walls reveal the character of the local stone used in its construction.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Wiseman&#39;s Cottage has special association with Henry Wiseman, Land Commissioner of the Leichardt District who was responsible for officially naming and siting the township of Rockhampton in 1858 and precipitating a pattern of affluent settlement in the "Range" area.</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton Botanic Gardens is a heritage-listed botanic garden at 100 Spencer Street, The Range, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1873 to 1930s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 July 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rockhampton Botanic Gardens are located on a 33-hectare site west of the Athelstane Range and bordered by the Murray Lagoon and Yeppen-Yeppen Lagoon. A series of established gardens combine to create an education and recreation retreat at the southern edge of the city. A complex site, now incorporating both built and natural environments, the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens has enjoyed continuous use since opening in 1873.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Botanic Gardens was gazetted as public gardens in 1869. Prior to this, from 1861 most of the land that was to be utilised for the gardens was a Native Police barracks. Between 1868 and 1872, three sites were gazetted as botanic gardens for Rockhampton. The influence of Anthelme Thozet, a local botanist and collector, is thought to have prevailed in the selection of the Spencer Street site. The proximity to a constant water supply, in the adjacent Murray Lagoon, and striking vistas from the western slopes of the Athelstane Range were primary considerations for a successful botanic gardens site.</p><br>
<p>The development of the first ten acres of the 100-acre site commenced after the curator James Scott Edgar took up residence in a modified dairy shed on the grounds in 1873. Edgar was trained in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and this first section to be developed is still known as the lower gardens. Local Botanist Thozet, Ferdinand von Mueller of Melbourne Botanic Gardens and Walter Hill of Brisbane City Botanic Gardens contributed material for the garden. The Queensland Acclimatisation Society was also active in providing plant stock and seed material to the new curator. Edgar maintained a professional link between these and other international botanic gardens, collecting specimens and distributing seed stock developed in Rockhampton as well as receiving plants and seeds for propagation in the gardens.</p><br>
<p>Plant collections were also distributed for educational purposes with the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens the key regional distribution point to primary schools for Arbor Day trees. The Rockhampton Botanic Gardens were second only to the Brisbane City Botanic Gardens in volume of supply; 1000 trees were distributed from the nurseries. The gardens developed experimental and economic botany while also accommodating the recreational needs of the district.</p><br>
<p>The Murray Lagoon was Rockhampton&#39;s original bathing spot. Edgar introduced a diving pontoon and sand to create a beach like atmosphere on the banks of the lagoon. He used bamboo stands to separate the male and female bathing areas and the original rules and regulations restricted the hours of use at the discretion of the trustees. The Murray Lagoon in the Botanic Gardens was a popular picnic area for the Rockhampton district in the late nineteenth century. The Lagoon provided the necessary water to the gardens and was also part of a broader lagoon system that constituted the original water supply for the city of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>In 1905 the deed of grant for the reserve was issued to the Rockhampton City Council. The reserve was enlarged to 197 acres. By this time Richard Simmons had assumed the role of curator of the gardens and set out to bring more of the land under cultivation. During his time at the helm, a children&#39;s playground, zoo, bandstand and kiosk were added to the recreational facilities available in the gardens.</p><br>
<p>The kiosk was erected in 1911 and opened on New Years Day 1912. Rockhampton City Councils chief engineer, Mr G Pennycuick, designed the octagonal shaped building. At a cost of £340, it was open on five sides with two rooms at the rear, the ladies&#39; dressing room and a kitchen/storeroom. A small cupola and a number of decorative gables surmounted the roof. In 1966, the kiosk underwent modifications that included the removal of the roof decorations and the addition of an amenity block for the gardens. Further modifications in 1997, upgraded the catering facilities of the kiosk.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Government Department of Agriculture and Stock financially supported the gardens with an annual grant of between £300 and £500. This was supplemented by annual subscriptions to the Botanic Gardens trust and nursery sales. Simmons&#39;s experience as a local nurseryman prior to his appointment as the curator was crucial in maintaining the flow of funds for the gardens. Catalogues of available plants were distributed on a regular basis and orders were taken from throughout the central Queensland area as well as far afield as the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Links to the international botanic gardens network were maintained.</p><br>
<p>In the aftermath of the First World War, the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens underwent major changes. The additional land received in 1905 was removed from the reserve to create Diggers Park and a section of the Botanic Gardens was set aside for the War Memorial for Rockhampton and the surrounding district. The Gracemere grey granite memorial obelisk stands on a plinth and is 64 feet above the ground. The surrounding grounds were landscaped by Simmons and include a circle of Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis) and topiary borders pruned into ANZAC, Navy, Army and RAAF.</p><br>
<p>In 1930, the curator&#39;s position passed to the deputy curator, H. George Simmons, son of Richard Simmons. During his time as curator, limited financial arrangements impeded the expansion of the gardens and the popularity of the gardens declined. The beachside resorts of Emu Park and Yeppoon had become more easily accessible for the people of Rockhampton. However it is during this period that the Hugo Lassen Fernery was built in 1938. Hugo Lassen was a local dentist who bequeathed money to the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens. The fernery, a sophisticated cross form bush house, contains extensive rockeries and houses an impressive exotic fern collection. George Simmons is responsible for the avenue of Bunya Pines (Araucaria bidwillii) and Bougainvillea at the Ann Street entrance. A pinetum developed at this time includes Kauri, Radiata and Hoop pines, and now large mature trees. Entrance gates commemorating King George V were erected in 1953.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the history of the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens, labour was sourced from unemployed and itinerant workers. At the turn of the century the labour bureau supplied men to work in the Gardens. During the 1930s, the Intermittent Relief Scheme provided the labour for the extensive stonework throughout the lower gardens, particularly providing culverts and drains for the water course through the centre of the park. In the 1990s the work for the dole scheme has seen many young unemployed people working alongside staff of the Gardens.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Botanic Gardens are once again a popular recreational feature for the people of the district. The barbeque and playground areas are busy throughout the week and particularly on the weekends. Although the scientific arm of the gardens is no longer a predominant aspect of the operations, present staff are keen to create links between the Gardens and the University of Central Queensland. The mature nineteenth and early twentieth century planting are indeed spectacular and the gardens provide a cool leafy oasis in the dry hot tropical climate of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Rockhampton Botanic Gardens are located on a 33-hectare site west of the Athelstane Range and bordered to the west by the Murray and Yeppen-Yeppen Lagoons. The northern boundary is the Rockhampton Golf Club and residential development lies to the east of the site. The adjacent partially developed Diggers Park establishes the southern boundary. The slope of the range creates a gently falling gradient from the entrance of the gardens to the banks of the Murray Lagoon. The Rockhampton Botanic Gardens comprise a series of gardens including: the lower gardens, the upper gardens, outer gardens, the war memorial gardens and arid gardens.</p><br>
<p>The formal entrance to the botanic gardens is from Spencer Street through a set of masonry pillars with decorative iron gates. The informal entrance from Ann Street comprises an avenue of Bunya Pines (Araucaria bidwillii) interspersed with Bougainvillea. The Rockhampton Croquet Club, the Athelstane Bowls club, Athelstane Tennis Club, Rockhampton City Council Works Depot and the Rockhampton Golf Club are located along this avenue.</p><br>
<p>The community services building, a small open truss steel and glass structure on a concrete block base located in the main circular drive is surrounded by established decorative gardens. The Hugo Lassen Fernery is located behind this building. The Fernery is a timber slated structure, built into the shape of a cross with eye shaped openings cut into the slated walls. The Fernery houses a series of rock gardens with an established and mature exotic fern collection.</p><br>
<p>A floral clock, on a concrete base planted with flowering annuals and is the centrepiece of the circular drive. The clock face presents to the northern entrance to the gardens. A small plaque commemorating the donation of the clock from the Rotary Club of Rockhampton is located at its base.</p><br>
<p>The kiosk is located to the south of the community services building and ferneries and is approached by a series of concrete steps. Mature Banyan figs (Ficus benghalensis) form an impressive shaded cove in which the kiosk is located. The kiosk building consists of three sections: the original 1912 octagonal core, the 1966 toilet block and the 1997 kitchen and servery. Tables and chairs occupy the understory of the Banyan Figs for the kiosk clientele.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton War Memorial, a 64-foot Gracemere Grey Granite obelisk on a plinth, is located to the south of the kiosk in the upper gardens. The obelisk is located on a raised circular mound and encircled by Canary Island Date Palms.</p><br>
<p>The children&#39;s playground located in the understorey of a series of mature shade trees including, weeping Figs (Ficus benjamina) and other fig varieties. An open barbeque shelter is located adjacent to the playground.</p><br>
<p>Other significant gardens include the lower gardens with the mature mango orchard; the arid garden; the pinetum with mature stands of Kauri, Radiata and hoop pines; the outer gardens figs (Ficus hillii) with associated ginger underplantings and water course; the zoological gardens and picnic area associated with the Murray Lagoon.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Rockhampton Botanic Gardens was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 July 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Botanic Gardens, gazetted in 1869, are located on a 33-hectare site on the western slopes of the Athelstane range and bordered by the Murray and Yeppen-Yeppen Lagoons. The gardens are important as the premier recreation and botanic retreat for Rockhampton. They demonstrate the importance of Rockhampton as the major urban centre for the central Queensland region, demonstrating the desire to sustain a scientific, educational and recreational centre of international repute.</p><br>
<p>As one of the first parks established by the Rockhampton City Council, the gardens demonstrate the commitment to provide recreational and educational facilities for the people of Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The collection includes specimens rare in cultivation or of great maturity or both. The zoological park, once an integral part of many botanic gardens, is now an uncommon feature, making the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens important in demonstrating the historical development of botanic gardens in general.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>As a regional botanic gardens, the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens maintained a position within a national and international network of botanic gardens of which the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew was the originating hub. It demonstrates the principal characteristics of a provincial botanic reserve, with a greater emphasis placed on the creating of an exotic collection of living botany rather than providing herbarium and library facilities. Exotic plantings dating from the nineteenth century include aesthetic, economic and experimental botany. Significant architectural features include the original curator&#39;s cottage and finch aviary (ca1880), the Kiosk (1912), the War Memorial (1924) and the Hugo Lassen Fernery (1938).</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Many important events have taken place in the gardens, and the place is generally held in high regard by the community and is a popular place for visitors to Rockhampton. It is significant as a Rockhampton landmark and for its visual amenity.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Botanic Gardens have a special association with the pioneering work of curators James Scott Edgar (1873-1903), Richard Simmons (1903-1930), Henry George Simmons (1930-1960), Ken C. Baker (1961-1972) and Tom Wyatt (1972-1998).</p><br>
<p>Rockhampton War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial in the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens at Penlington Street, The Range, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1924. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rockhampton War Memorial was unveiled on 16 October 1924 by the Governor of Queensland Sir Matthew Nathan. It was designed by architects Hockings and Palmer and produced by monumental masons, F M Allen. The granite memorial honours those who served in the First World War.</p><br>
<p>A public meeting was held in February 1919, when it was decided to erect a memorial to those who served in the First World War. It was to be a regional monument, representing surrounding districts, but erected in Rockhampton. In 1921, a site was selected on the riverbank and a national design competition was announced by the newly formed Central Queensland War Memorial Committee. This however, was not successful as most designs were too costly.</p><br>
<p>In 1922, the committee commissioned Rockhampton architects, Hockings and Palmer to present a design for a memorial to be situated in the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens. Their design, at a cost of £2,654 was accepted and Rockhampton masons, F M Allen were contracted to complete the work.</p><br>
<p>The firm of Hockings and Palmer was a partnership between Edwin Morton Hockings and Leslie Tarween Palmer.</p><br>
<p>Edwin (Ted) Hockings was the son of Albert John Hockings, one of Brisbane&#39;s best known citizens the mayor in 1865 and 1867. Edwin Hockings was articled to Richard Gailey and, while working there, won a competition for the design of Rockhampton Girls Grammar School. He moved to Rockhampton to become clerk of works for the project and remained there, opening his own practice in 1895. He was wounded whilst commanding a squadron of the Third Queensland Contingent in the Boer War and also served in the First World War.</p><br>
<p>Less is known about Palmer except that he was educated in Melbourne and employed by E A Scott and Green, Architects in Sydney. He worked alone for two years in Rockhampton before entering into partnership with Hockings in 1916. The partnership continued until 1938.</p><br>
<p>The area in which Rockhampton is located was first discovered by Ludwig Leichhardt and Thomas Mitchell between 1844 and 1846. The Fitzroy river was later discovered by the Archer brothers in 1853 and lead to the establishment and success of the region as a pastoral district. The initial development of the city itself was due to the discovery of gold at nearby Canoona in 1858.</p><br>
<p>The Rockhampton Botanic Gardens were established in 1869 when Mayor R M Hunter requested that the government turn the Native Police paddock into a reserve for botanic gardens. This was approved and the land was gazetted. However a working gardener was not appointed until 1873. The impetus for the gardens came from Frenchman Monsieur Anthelme Thozet who was among the first to re-establish substantial plantings in Rockhampton by planting trees from his private nursery along the river bank in Quay Street. The first appointed gardener was J S Edgar, partially trained by Thozet. His successor was R Simmons, a naturalist whose skills were frequently called upon by local and overseas scientists. In his capacity as curator of the gardens, Simmons laid out the grounds surrounding the memorial.</p><br>
<p>Australia, and Queensland in particular, had few civic monuments before the First World War. The memorials erected in its wake became our first national monuments, recording the devastating impact of the war on a young nation. Australia lost 60,000 from a population of about 4 million, representing one in five of those who served. No previous or subsequent war has made such an impact on the nation.</p><br>
<p>Even before the end of the war, memorials became a spontaneous and highly visible expression of national grief. To those who erected them, they were as sacred as grave sites, substitute graves for the Australians whose bodies lay in battlefield cemeteries in Europe and the Middle East. British policy decreed that the Empire war dead were to be buried where they fell. The word "cenotaph", commonly applied to war memorials at the time, literally means "empty tomb".</p><br>
<p>Australian war memorials are distinctive in that they commemorate not only the dead. Australians were proud that their first great national army, unlike other belligerent armies, was composed entirely of volunteers, men worthy of honour whether or not they paid the supreme sacrifice. Many memorials honour all who served from a locality, not just the dead, providing valuable evidence of community involvement in the war. Such evidence is not readily obtainable from military records, or from state or national listings, where names are categorised alphabetically or by military unit.</p><br>
<p>Australian war memorials are also valuable evidence of imperial and national loyalties, at the time, not seen as conflicting; the skills of local stonemasons, metalworkers and architects; and of popular taste. In Queensland, the soldier statue was the popular choice of memorial, whereas the obelisk predominated in the southern states, possibly a reflection of Queensland&#39;s larger working-class population and a lesser involvement of architects.</p><br>
<p>Many of the First World War monuments have been updated to record local involvement in later conflicts, and some have fallen victim to unsympathetic re-location and repair.</p><br>
<p>Although there were many different types of memorial were erected throughout Queensland, few were of the scale or cost of the Rockhampton one. Funds however, did not cover the cost of recording the soldiers names on the monument and it was proposed at the unveiling that a list of names would be kept at the Rockhampton Town Hall. This is one of the few memorials in Queensland without lists of names.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The First World War Memorial is situated in the Botanic Gardens in Rockhampton.</p><br>
<p>It sits in the centre of a neat grass mound and is approached by a paved path from the south. The path surrounds grass mound, forming a circle which is reinforced by garden beds and evenly spaced Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis), traditionally a symbol of victory. The grassed area is free of planting apart from a flower bed on the northern side in which herbaceous plants are pruned to form the word ANZAC surrounded by a border. A gun or war trophy is located in the centre of the approach path.</p><br>
<p>The memorial stands 64 feet from the ground and is of Gracemere Grey granite. It comprises a plinth surmounted by a large obelisk.</p><br>
<p>The pedestal is located in the centre of a double stepped base which has rock faced vertical surfaces and smooth horizontal surfaces. The plinth is square in plan and is surmounted by the pedestal dado which is made up of three granite blocks. On the front face of the dado are the words IN REMEMBRANCE TO THOSE WHO FELL and the dates of the First World War and later conflicts. A polished granite plate has been bolted to the lower front face and also has dates of later conflicts. The northern side displays the word SACRIFICE on the top block.</p><br>
<p>The pedestal is surmounted by a tall obelisk which culminates in a pyramidal apex.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Rockhampton War Memorial was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>War Memorials are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history as they are representative of a recurrent theme that involved most communities throughout the state. They provide evidence of an era of widespread Australian patriotism and nationalism, particularly during and following the First World War.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>This particular memorial is of uncommonly large scale. Dominating its immediate surroundings, it is the largest and most costly of all war memorials in Queensland. It is an uncommon example of a memorial still situated in an original and intact setting.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The monuments manifest a unique documentary record and are demonstrative of popular taste in the inter-war period.</p><br>
<p>Erected in 1924, the memorial at Rockhampton demonstrates the principal characteristics of a commemorative structure erected as an enduring record of a major historical event. This is achieved through the appropriate use of various symbolic elements including the obelisk.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The memorial is of aesthetic significance for its high level of workmanship and design.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It has a strong and continuing association with the community as evidence of the impact of a major historic event and as the focal point for the remembrance of that event. It also has special associations with the firms and individuals employed in the design, including architects Hockings and Palmer, monumental masonry firm F M Allan and Botanic Gardens curator R Simmons.</p><br>
<p>Charles Morschauser House, also known as the House on the Hill, is a historic home located at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York. It was built in 1902, and is a 2 1/2 story, frame dwelling with a hipped roof and a projecting, offset front gable. The façade features a one-story, flat-roofed, wraparound porch.</p><br>
<p>The house belonged to a local attorney, Charles Morschauser, who commissioned local architect William J. Beardsley to design the home after he had represented him in a legal matter. Morschauser had acquired an almost 3-acre parcel that had formerly been part of an estate named Mountain View, located on an over-sized city lot fronting five different streets. Due to its dignified and grand appearance perched atop a knoll, the design had gained local attention in a couple of newspapers at the time. It is a transitional style containing elements of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival architecture with a blending of materials. The first story boasts a stonework façade while the second has clapboard siding, allowing it to stand out from other houses constructed at the time.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Hamblen Development Historic District encompasses a modest collection of Greek Revival residential properties at 188–208 Danforth Street in Portland, Maine. They were built in 1835–36 as a speculative venture by members of the Hamblen family, and are a rare surviving cluster of development in the city from this period. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hamblen Development occupies the south side of one block of Danforth Street, on the east side of Portland&#39;s West End, between Brackett and Clark Streets. The eastern half of the block is occupied by the Hamblen Block (188–194), a series of four three-story brick rowhouses built in 1835. To its west stands a brick duplex (196–198), also three stories in brick, set in a mirror-image layout, that was built in 1836. Also built in 1836 was 200 Danforth, a free-standing single family house that is three bays wide, like the duplex and rowhouse units are. At the end of the block stands another duplex (206–208); this building has a more elaborate roof treatment, with a modillioned cornice, and the left-hand unit has a few rare surviving period wrought iron grills.</p><br>
<p>This series of buildings were built as a speculative real estate development by brothers Eli, Joseph, and Nathaniel Hamblen. It is one of the earliest known examples of this sort of a focused development venture in the state, where they did not even begin until the early 1830s. The development was part of a significant push to develop the area west of the city&#39;s main port facilities.</p><br>
<p>The Rice Farm Road Bridge is a historic bridge in Dummerston, Vermont. It is an iron Warren through truss, spanning the West River between Vermont Route 30 and Rice Farm Road. Built in 1892, it is one of the state&#39;s oldest surviving metal truss bridges. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Rice Farm Road Bridge is located in a rural area of central Dummerston, a short way north of Stickney Brook Road and south of West Dummerston. Vermont Route 30 in this area is on the west bank of the West River, while Rice Farm Road and Quarry Road are located on its eastern bank. The bridge is oriented east-west and is mounted on rough stone abutments that appear to be scrap material from a nearby granite quarry. The bridge trusses are 198 ft long, with a roadway width of 14.2 ft (one lane), and a portal clearance height of 21.4 ft. The bridge is typically 24 ft above the river.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1892 by the Berlin Iron Bridge Company, a leading bridge builder in New England of the period. The trusses used in the bridge are a variant of the Warren truss known as the Hilton or quadruple-intersection truss, which is more commonly seen on railroad bridges and was not widely used for roads. The bridge joints are also riveted, rather than the Berlin Company&#39;s more typical use of pins. In this case, its ability to carry heavy loads was needed because it was built primarily to service the granite quarry of George E. Lyon, located on the east side of the river. The bridge is also one of the longer ones produced by the company and was highlighted in its catalog.</p><br>
<p>Old Strathcona Post Office alternately called as: South Side Post Office, Strathcona Post Office or Strathcona Public Building  is a restored heritage building in Strathcona Square, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The restored building along with a Festival Market was opened to the public on the first weekend of September 1988 and the place came to be known as Strathcona Square.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by David Ewart, the Chief Architect of the Canadian Department of Public Works. The building bears the hallmark of a typical Edwardian style with a neat brick and limestone finishing which was a remarkable departure from the typical Romanesque style used in earlier post office buildings. The construction work started in 1911 and was completed by 1913 by the Canadian Government.</p><br>
<p>Next to the grain terminal, the Old Strathcona Post Office clock tower stood as the second tallest structure on the south side of Edmonton for many years. Old Strathcona is a five (5) block area on 82 Avenue (Whyte Avenue), at the south side of Edmonton, Alberta, about 2 miles from the University of Alberta. The Old Strathcona Post Office was the first major restoration project undertaken in Edmonton’s historic Old Strathcona area. The Old Strathcona Post Office when first restored was modelled after Festival Market development undertaken by the Rouse Corporation in the United States, and Boston’s Quincy Market and Faneuil Hall in particular. In 1977 the Dominion of Canada abandoned the Old Strathcona Post Office. The building was placed on the Province of Alberta’s register of Grade A Provincial Historic Resources on February 12, 1985. The building sat empty until January 1986 when the City of Edmonton took ownership of the Old Strathcona Post Office for the sum of $1.00.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The City of Edmonton transferred ownership of the building for $1.00 to the Clarion Hospitality Group, a group of companies wholly owned by Albert and Irene Hansen. Then Federal Member of Parliament, Jim Edwards orchestrated $400,000 in Federal grant monies to assist the restoration. Albert and Barrie Hansen negotiated a $2.0 million loan from Terry Semeniuk, an Edmonton main branch manager at government owned bank, the Province of Alberta Treasury Branch (“ATB”). Clarion initially sought to convert the Old Strathcona Post Office into three restaurants or pubs, to complement Clarion’s growing Western Canadian hotel portfolio. However, Terry Semeniuk opposed this plan and would only finance the project if Clarion agreed to rent out the building as a Retail Market.</p><br>
<p>Albert Hansen, President of Clarion, resolved to make the Old Strathcona Post Office the finest restoration and adaptive re-use project in Canada. The project included some innovative and expensive engineering. The building had a three-foot crawl space, and was underpinned by four foot wide foundation walls. Clarion excavated the crawl space; underpinned the foundation; and added a Whyte Avenue facing sidewalk level atrium to bring natural light into a lower level, which was opened as an exclusive Food Market. A second floor was added to the south facing wing. A new three-story building with glass-enclosed elevator was added to the west side of the building. These changes added about 60% to the building’s usable area. The design was undertaken by then Edmonton-based, Chandler, Kasian Kennedy Architects. Structural, mechanical and electrical engineering was undertaken by Stanley Engineering (now Stantec).</p><br>
<p>The building opened to the public on Labour Day weekend, in September 1988. Doug Enders at Royal Park Realty had the exclusive right to lease out the building. Three months prior to completion, it became clear that Mr. Enders had not leased any of the building. Barrie Hansen then undertook to lease out the building.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership and maintenance</h2><br>
<p>Tenants at opening included Eric’s Framing, Silver Treasures, Bustamante’s, Toys Galore, Kringles, Croissant Creations, Macdonald’s Coffee, Daisy’s Deli and Incredible Edibles. The owner of Incredible Edibles disappeared one week prior to opening. A few months later, Chianti Café, then with two stores in Calgary, took over the Incredible Edibles space on the ground floor. Chianti Café was an instant success, and today occupies nearly the entire ground floor. The clock and the clock mechanism, originally crafted by Midland Clockworks of the UK, had not worked since before the building was abandoned by the Canadian government in 1977. Clarion shipped the clockworks to Smith of Derby in England, where the clock mechanism was reconditioned and recalibrated so that it could be located on the floor of the second story of the building, enclosed in glass, thereby making the clockworks and the inside of the clock tower open to the public, and a unique tourist attraction.</p><br>
<p>IN 1989, when the Founder of When Pigs Fly, approached Clarion to open their retail store in the Old Strathcona Post Office, the building was fully occupied, so the store opened across Whyte Avenue on the opposite corner of 105th Avenue. The Old Strathcona Post Office became the impetus for the restoration and rejuvenation of Old Strathcona, what is today one of the most liveable areas in Edmonton Alberta.</p><br>
<p>As the US Federal Reserve raised interest rates from 1988 through 1990, the Province of Alberta Treasury Branch pressured Clarion to sell the Old Strathcona Post Office to cover mounting losses from hotels in oil dependent towns where Clarion owned hotel properties. This despite never missing a payment or even coming close to default.</p><br>
<p>A few years later, Terry Semeniuk, the senior person for the Province of Alberta Treasury Branch was charged with taking a Secret Commission because he would pressure his bank clients to sell properties to other Treasury Branch customers who coveted that particular assets. Semeniuk was the subject of, and referenced in several criminal proceedings in the Province of Alberta. This was true of the Old Strathcona Post Office. The Province of Alberta Treasury Branch have made no overtures about restoring the Hansen family property.</p><br>
<p>The Memorial to Company A, Capitol Guards is an American Civil War memorial in MacArthur Park, Little Rock, Arkansas. It stands just northeast of the former Tower Building of the Little Rock Arsenal, at a junction of two of the park&#39;s internal roadways. It consists of a bronze sculpture depicting a Confederate Army soldier in a defensive stance, holding a rifle pointed forward. The statue is 8 ft in height, and is mounted in a granite column 16 ft tall. The memorial is sometimes known as "Lest we forget", a line appearing near the top of the inscription on the base. The statue was created by sculptor Rudolph Schwarz, and was installed in 1911; it was paid for by the local chapter of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, and memorializes the unit that seized the arsenal at the outset of the war.</p><br>
<p>The memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Pulsifer House is a historic house located on Illinois Route 71 in Hennepin, Illinois. Edward Pulsifer, a prominent Hennepin businessman, had the house built in 1844, four years after he came to the city. Pulsifer began his enterprise by running a general store with his brother; his later ventures included local real estate and a shipping business on the Illinois River. His house is designed in the Federal style and is one of Putnam County&#39;s best remaining examples of the style. The -story brick house is topped by a gable roof; the brick in the gables forms a projecting coping at the top, and each gable has paired chimneys at its peak. Brick parapets connect the pairs of chimneys, a stylistic element often seen in Federal architecture in Illinois. The entrance and the roof line feature matching dentillated entablatures; the entrance also features a transom, sidelights, and flanking pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 4, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Miller House is a historic house at 1853 South Ringo Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. Built in 1906 and twice enlarged by the same owner, the house is a reflection of the effect of segregation in the United States. Now a two-story brick-faced Craftsman-styled structured, it was originally built as a modest single-story cottage typical of the segregated African-American neighborhood in which it was located. It was purchased in 1924 by Arthur T. Miller, who was employed in a comparatively secure position as a railroad mail clerk. Prevented by segregation from moving to more affluent neighborhoods, Miller chose to enlarge the house, and then finish it in brick.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Mims-Breedlove-Priest-Weatherton House is a historic house at 2108 Beechwood Avenue in the Country Club Heights neighborhood of Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, finished in the Craftsman style. It has a side-gable roof with a shed-roof dormer, extending over its front porch, which is supported by square cypress box columns. Elements of the house framing are timbers salvaged from the demolition of the Gus Blass dry goods store. It was built about 1910 by H.T. Mims, supposedly as a wedding present for one of his twin daughters.  Houses of this sort were once typical in the neighborhood, which has seen many torn down and replaced with larger, more modern residences.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Cortland Condit House is a historic house located on Center Street in Putnam, Putnam County, Illinois. The house was built in 1849-50 by Cortland Condit, a farmer who came to Putnam County from New York in 1836. Condit founded the community of Putnam, which was originally named Condit in his honor. The Greek Revival house is the oldest brick building in Senachwine Township. The houses front entrance features a portico with square columns and gingerbread-style decoration, while the rear entrance has a brick archway. The houses windows are all six-over-six, as is common in Greek Revival homes. The gable roof features an entablature with cornice returns below its eaves.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 16, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Michelsberg, at, is the highest point in the borough of Bad Münstereifel in the county of Euskirchen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The hill, which rises near the village of Mahlberg belongs to that part of the Eifel mountains known as the Ahr Hills , and is the second highest point in the range.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Michelsberg rises on the northwestern edge of the Ahr Hills in the High Fens-Eifel Nature Park. Its summit lies 1.2 km east-northeast of the centre of Mahlberg, which extends to the southwestern flank of the hill, and 1.5 km west-northwest of Reckerscheid. Some distance away to the south is the village of Esch with its hamlet of Wasserscheide. All these villages belong to the borough of Bad Münstereifel.</p><br>
<h3>Natural regional classification</h3><br>
<p>The Michelsberg lies within the natural regional major unit group of East Eifel (Osteifel, no. 27) on the boundary of its southern subdivision, the Northern Ahr Hill Country (Nördliches Ahrbergland, 272.1) which belongs to the Ahr Eifel (Ahreifel, 272), with its northern subdivision, the Münstereifel Forest (Münstereifeler Wald, 274.1), which belongs to the major unit of Münstereifel Forest and Northeastern Foot of the Eifel (Münstereifeler Wald und Nordöstlicher Eifelfuß, 274). The western slopes of the hill drop into the subunit of the Münstereifel Valley (Münstereifeler Tal, 274.0).</p><br>
<h3>Height and upland location</h3><br>
<p>According to a trig point marked on the German base map, the Michelsberg is. Its summit, whose height is also given as, is located on the middle of three tops or kuppen. From the main top, the countryside runs via a saddle at to the Michelsberg North Top, also called the Hohberg. To the southwest is another top. In topographic maps of the Bundesamt für Naturschutz the summit region is also given a height of.</p><br>
<h3>Rivers and watershed</h3><br>
<p>The watershed between the rivers Ahr and Erft runs over the Michelsberg. Among the rivers and streams that rise on or near the hill are: in the west the Schußbach, whose waters reach the Erft via the Waldbach which rises northwest of the hill. Flowing directly into the Erft in the same direction is the Krumesbach whose source lies to the south. Near its origin rises the Buchholzbach (Trinkpützsiefen, Escher Bach, Lamersbach) which sends its waters down the Armuthsbach south-southeastwards into the Ahr. The Liersbach (Rosensiefen) rises north of the hill and also flows southeastwards.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hunters and gatherers settled on and around the Michelsberg in early times, as evinced by numerous artefact finds (microliths etc.). Archaeologists date them to the Middle Stone Age (9,600 to 5,500/4,500 B. C.). Most of these artefacts are displayed in the Hürten Museum in Bad Münstereifel. In Celtic, Roman and Germanic times the hill was a pagan cultic and juridical site as its former name Mahlberg testifies. Until about 800 A.D. there were sacrificial fires (Opferfeuer) here. After the people adopted Christianity the pagan name was transferred to the nearby village of Mahlberg, while the hill was now consecrated to the Archangel Michael, the guardian of Christianity.</p><br>
<p>On the southwest flank of the hill is a transmission mast/-tower and, nearby, a water tank.</p><br>
<h2>Pilgrimage</h2><br>
<p>The Michelsberg has been a destination for pilgrims for centuries as the make their traditional pilgrimage annually on 29 September. They make their way along a Way of Sorrows to the Roman Catholic Chapel of St. Michael at the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Reserves</h2><br>
<p>Parts of the protected landscape (LSG) of the Mutscheid Upland (Mutscheider Hochfläche, CDDA no. 555558861; established 2008; 48.9083 km² in area) lie on the Michelsberg. Another one, the LSG Fließgewässer, Auen und Hangbereiche im Bad Münstereifeler Tal (CDDA no. 555558740; 2008; 3.5523 km²) reaches up to its hillsides.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking, transport, leisure</h2><br>
<p>The Michelsberg is often a destination for hikers and, is popular even when it snows because the grass-covered slopes are ideal for tobogganin and the paths in the viciniy of the hill are suitable for langlauf skiing. Running past the hill to the west is the Landesstraße 113 from Mahlberg to Scheuerheck) and, to the southeast, is the Kreisstraße 50 from Mahlberg to Reckerscheid.</p><br>
<p>From the viewing platform of the chapel tower there is an impressive all-round view that reaches to the Siebengebirge hills, the basalt kuppen of the Hohe Acht, the Hochthürmerberg and Aremberg hills as well as the Schneifel and Rur Eifel regions. In good visibility even the towers on Cologne Cathedral, about 50 kilometres away, may be made out.</p><br>
<p>The Clear Creek Meeting House is a Friends meeting house located at 14365 N. 350th Ave., southeast of McNabb, in Magnolia Township, Putnam County, Illinois. The meeting house was built in 1875 to house the Illinois Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers. The Yearly Meeting was the westernmost annual meeting of the Hicksite Friends and attracted followers from several states. The meeting house also hosted the Clear Creek Monthly Meeting, which was attended by local Quakers. The building is typical of American Friends meeting houses; it features two square rooms with plain features both outside and inside. The lack of ornamentation was designed to reflect the Quaker tenet of simplicity. The meeting house is one of the few surviving western Quaker meeting houses which represent this tradition of Quaker architecture.</p><br>
<p>The meeting house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 5, 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Hochthürmerberg , is a hill, in the Eifel region. It is situated in the county of Euskirchen in North Rhine-Westphalia near the state border with Rhineland-Palatinate in Deutschland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Hochthürmerberg is located within the Ahr Hills (Ahr Eifel) south of the village of Houverath in the county of Euskirchen ni North Rhine-Westphalia and northeast of the village of Kirchsahr in the county of Ahrweiler in Rhineland-Palatinate. The state border runs roughly along the 440-metre contour line over the southern flank of the hill. The Hochthürmerberg&#39;s neighbouring hill is the Hasenberg.</p><br>
<h2>Summit and viewing points</h2><br>
<p>At the summit are the remains of a circular rampart. The summit dome is wooded and offers no views at all. However, from a section of the Ahr-Fen Way, which is located between Kirchsahr and Krälingen, there are views of the Hohe Acht, the Michelsberg, the Nürburg and even the Scharteberg and Döhmberg. Near Krälingen there is a good view of the region of the Middle and Lower Ahr; nearby rise the hills of Krausberg, Neuenahrer Berg and the neighbouring Hasenberg.</p><br>
